A high percentage of plantlets, in which PVX, PVM, and PVS were no longer detectable by precipitin tests was obtained from 100% virus‐infected stocks of the potato varieties Rosa and Priobskij rannija by combining meristem (tip) culture with antiphytoviral chemotherapy. When 2,4 ‐ dioxohexahydro 1,3,5‐triazinc (DHT) was added to the nutrient media, no virus was detectable serologically in 72% of the corresponding explants of the variety Rosa and in 66% of that of the variety Priobskij rannija, respectively. Contrary to this, all untreated control explants proved virusinfected. Treatment with 2‐thiouracil resulted in 46.6%, with cyanoguanidine in 28.6% of plantlets, in which no virus was detectable serologically.
Potato virus X was completely eliminated from all infected potato stem cuttings grown in nutrient media containing 0.02 or 0.03 % 2,4‐dioxohexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (DHT). When DHT was added to the media in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.005% the efficiency by which the virus was eliminated differed between the varieties tested.
The method is less time‐consuming than the generally used meristem (axillary‐) tip culture in combination with chemo‐ or thermotherapy.
Following the addition of 0.2 mg 2,4‐dioxohexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (DHT, formulation CKB 1130) to 1 l Gamborg's medium for organogenesis, the two viruses strawberry mottle virus and strawberry crinkle virus could not be detected in 74.4, 63.6 or 65.1%, respectively, of the plants regenerated from 0.8mm apices of the varieties Redgauntlet, Vesper and Pokahontas after their inoculation onto the indicator strain of Fragaria vesca EMK. In contrast, control explants which were not exposed to DHT proved to be 100% virus infected.
Antiphytoviral compounds with noncyclic azine structutre
The antiphytoviral activities of variously substituted compounds with noncylic azine structures have been studied f a total of 90 tested compunds 42 had the effect of more or less strong inhibiting the concentration of potato virus X (PVX) in inoculated and / or secondarily infected leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun (Table.1) An effect on the virion of PVX in vitro couldn't be observed (Table.2) Thus the substances may interact with the virus replication. Some of them also reduced the number of local lesions caused by tabacco mosaic virus on leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa L. (Table‐3) Several Compounds proved exellent synergists of 2,4‐ dioxohexahydro‐ 1,3,5‐ triazine (DHT = 5 azadihydrouracil; Table 4) Pyridine‐ 3‐ aldehyde S ethyl isothiosemicarbazone and the Cu complex of 1‐ ethyl‐isatine S‐ ethyl isothisosemicarbazone when used in combination with 2,4 dioxohexahydro‐ 1,3,5, triazine, greatly increased the mass of potato tubers produced from plantlets grown up from patato eye cutting as compared with the indentical control Simultaneously the mentioned substances reduced the number of symptom bearing eye cutting plants Quinoline 2‐ aldehyde‐ N‐ oxide S‐ allyl‐isothiosemicarbazone had the effect of very greatly reducing the number of symptom‐bearing plants without substantially influencing the mass of tubers (Table 5). Thus some compounds with noncyclic azine structure especially when used in combinitation with DHT, may be of high interest for practical application Comparing the structures of compounds with noncyclic azine structure active against plant or human viruses it should be noted that antiphytoviral compounds active in these two different virus host systems often are closely related structurally.
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