Ash is a mineral waste group, which quantity increases on a global scale and now it has achieved hundreds of millions of tons, and as they are an integral part of the any solid fuel, including biomass the production rate will continue. At the same time ash, due to their nature and composition is a unique material that can be valuable technogenic resource. The paper studies the wood ash physical properties (density, porosity, specific free surface) composition and the metal adsorption ability. It was found that wood ash contains a significant percentage of metals in the mobile phase, which dissolve in the water and thus are able to spread into the surrounding soil. The study established a high adsorption activity of ash (95-99%) to the metals. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the ash is possible to increase with the activation of the ash particle surfaces and changing the pore structure.
Inorganic waste materials are important part of total waste amount in the world and must be utilized in the best optimal way. Among the inorganic materials there are such different materials as quarry byproducts from screening, settling ponds, baghouse fines, coal fly ash, sewage sludge ash and so on. Any proposal to incorporate a waste or by product materials into technologies requires engineering evaluation. At first, it is necessary to analyze chemical composition of waste materials, then- structure and particle size distribution, chemical and physical properties. The paper presents results of analyzes and collection of chemical and structural characteristics mentioned above inorganic materials and by-products. The presented data will serve for next investigations in finding better way for their utilization.
The paper presents the results of evaluation of reed resources in Latvia largest lake Lubans and for comparison in the small lake Kovshu. The investigation proved that resources of reeds are sufficient to replace from 2 to7 thousand tons of different fossil fuel. Measured reed physical properties- carbon quality, ash content and structure, moisture content proved that reeds are profitable fuel for heat energy production.
The paper discusses the essence, structure, research objects, methods and aims of the environmental science. Due to interdisciplinary character of the environmental science, large scale term and vague boundaries with other sciences there are various definitions of environmental science and different concepts, sometime delusions in research fields and methods . Author analysed the current location of research objects in environmental science and their connection with other sciences and came to conclusion that up to nowadays there are not developed essential part of every independent science yet – general theoretical base of environmental science. It is necessary to find out perfect proper research fields and objects of environmental science, which differ from other natural , and technical sciencies. Analysis showed that the objects of environmental science must be neither nature nor technology itself but only contact zones between technosphere and biosphere –namely, between systems – technosystems and ecosystems . Exactly in these contact zones arises most environmental problems , conflicts and stresses between human activities and nature. The properties and processes in these zones obey to laws which must be determined, interpreted and used for mankind wealth. It is the aim of environmental science and the complex system analysis must be essential research methodology and accordingly system engineering as instrument for solving practical environmental problems.
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