the condition should be given to Wolfstrigel (1671) and not to Everard (1663). I n recent years more attention has been paid to cases which, like our own, show little external abnormality.Modern reviews by several authors give the total number of cases J. PATH. IIA(;T.-VOL. ~x y m (1954) 459 2 Q 2 460 W. M . DAVIDSON A N D c f . I . M . ROSS reported at various dates as follows :-Rosenbaum (1931) 92 cases, Madisson (1934) 109, Amolsch (1937) 119, Raso (1937) 129, including several of doubtful authenticity, Hinman (1940) 136, Leffler (1951) 164. Including our own five cases, eight others communicated to us personally, and two embryos (Griinwald, 1938-39 ; Auer, 1947), but excluding 25 cases where there were both renal and ureteric tissues, 4 which were quite untraceable, and 18 examples of "parasitic" monsters, we have found authentic records of 232 cases. The essential details of all these accepted cases are set out in an appendix, copies of which are lodged with the Librarian, General Library, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W. 7, and it is upon these protocols that the analysis and discussion here presented are based. PLATE LXXVIII F I G . 3.-Dissection of abdomen to show the changes associated with absence of the kidneys in the male (case 3). The disc-shaped suprarenala partly 6ll the renal apace and the small size of the bladder, which is covered by the umbilical 'mteriea, i s obviou8. 2. Inferior vena wva. 3. Teeticular vessels. 4. Umbilical artmy. 6. Blndder, lying behind umbilical d e a . 6. H e a d of epididymia. 7. Testis. 8. Penis. 9. Umbilicus.
