HERE is not a great deal of published information concerning the T sandals of the Basket Maker I11 (Modified Basket Maker) period. Kidder1 has given a very detailed account of a single sandal of this period, dealing particularly with the different techniques employed in weaving and decorating the sandal. But there is no single report concerning the various types of sandals made and used by these people. We have a very complete picture of the characteristic square-toed sandals of the Basket Maker I1 (Basket Maker) period,2 and also a rather complete outline of the twilled, notched-toed sandals of Pueblo I11 (the Great Pueblo P e r i~d) .~ Therefore additional information on the sandals of the intervening periods is greatly needed at present. There are in the Arizona State Museum a t Tucson a large number of sandals secured a number of years ago by Dr Cummings from Basket Maker I11 sites in the Kayenta area in northeastern A r i~o n a .~ From a study of these, with the additional few illustrated by Curnming~,~ Guernsey," Kidder,' and Morris,8 the writer offers the following tentative classification of the sandals of the Basket Maker I11 period: 1. Round-toed type of yucca leaves 2. Round-toed type of heavy yucca cord 3. Scallop-toed type of heavy yucca cord 4. Scallop-toed type of fine cord 5. Round-toed type of fine cord. Type 4 is by far the most common type of sandal and may be considered
INCE the publication of a previous article on Basket Maker I11 sandals S (American Anthropologist, Vol. 40, pp. 465-485), there has been discovered in the Arizona State Museum a second collection of Basket Maker I11 sandals.' In view of the fact that the sandals of this period have not been adequately described it was deemed advisable to issue a further report on the sandals of this particular period of Southwestern prehistory. BASKET MAKER I11 SANDAL TYPESThe article2 referred to above listed five distinct types of sandals occurring in the Basket Maker I11 period. These are of sufficient importance to warrant describing them briefly before considering the new material to be presented.Type 1 is round-toed, made of crushed yucca leaves, four leaves being used for the warps. The twined-woven weft is also of crushed yucca leaves. The heel is drawn up into a slight pucker characteristic of the sandals of this period. This is a comparatively rare type of sandal.Type 2 is also round-toed, made of yucca cord in twined weave. The warp is formed of ten or twelve heavy two-strand cords, the weft of finer single strand cord. The warp ends are tied together a t the front and the projecting ends form a slight rounded toe fringe. This type of sandal is attached to the foot by means of heel and toe loops and a tie cord.Type 3 is scallop-toed, made of heavy yucca cords. There are twelve warps of heavy two-strand cord and the twined woven wefts are also of heavy two-strand cord. The warps are doubled in the front section and there is a very shallow scallop across the toe. This seems to be a very rare type, only one sandal so far being known.Type 4 ( fig. 2) is scallop-toed also, but is made of fine cord, the warps ranging from fourteen to thirty-six in number. The twined woven weft is of fine yucca or apocynum cord. The distinguishing features of this type of sandal consist of a scallop across the toe, a puckered heel, a doubled toe section, and raised and colored decoration. This type is the most common and the most characteristic sandal of the Basket Maker I11 period. Both toe and heel loop fastenings and side loop fastenings are used.
Although southwestern archaeologists have for years been greatly interested in the classification and description of pottery, their investigations have been primarily centered on the pottery of the Pueblos and other sedentary groups, and comparatively little attention was given to the ceramics of the nomadic or semi-nomadic southwestern groups. Within recent years some studies have been made on Navaho and Western Apache pottery, but as yet there have been no detailed studies of the pottery of such peripheral nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes as the Ute and Southern Paiute. Therefore, it seems well worthwhile at this time to present the following brief notes concerning the results of several years of archaeological field work in the Southern Paiute area.
The architecture and burials of the prehistoric pueblo of Kinishba have been presented in a previous issue of American Antiquity. The present article is a preliminary report of the lesser objects of material culture as represented by the pottery, stone and bone implements, ornaments, a few charred fragments of basketry and textiles, food, and ceremonial objects. The majority of these specimens are made from imperishable material. Clothing, sandals, baskets, various types of textiles, wooden implements, and other perishable materials have but a very short existence in open sites such as Kinishba. Hence the following description of the artifacts presents only a limited picture of the arts and crafts of these prehistoric people.
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