The Use of Turquoise Among the Navajo

Hill, Gertrude; Baldwin, Gordon C.

doi:10.1080/00231940.1938.11758020

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Knowledge that chemicals can cause cancer goes back to at least 1761 with the report by Hill that the use of tobacco snuff was related to oral cancer in humans. More than 100 years ago, Rehn reported an association of bladder cancer with occupations in the so-called aniline dye factories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classic studies with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[ a ]pyrene followed . Fieser and others had suggested that metabolism (of carcinogens) plays a role in cancer, and extensive animal studies by James and Elizabeth Miller − validated the concept (Figure ). Incorporation of the capability for metabolism led to the success of the bacterial Ames test for mutagenicity and testing for carcinogenic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of Human Enzymes in Carcinogen Metabolism

Rendić

Guengerich

2012

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

232

197

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Considerable support exists for roles of metabolism in modulating the carcinogenic properties of chemicals. In particular, many of these compounds are procarcinogens that require activation to electrophilic forms to exert genotoxic effects. We systematically analyzed the existing literature on metabolism of carcinogens by human enzymes, which has been developed largely in the past 25 years. The metabolism and especially bioactivation of carcinogens are dominated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (66% of bioactivations). Within this group, six P450s—1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4—accounted for 77% of the P450 activation reactions. The roles of these P450s can be compared with those estimated for drug metabolism and should be considered in issues involving enzyme induction, chemoprevention, molecular epidemiology, inter-individual variations, and risk assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%