The aim of the present study was to estimate, on the basis of diallel crossing, superior-parent heterosis, components of genetic variability and trait heritability for three yield components in tomato, and to perform the VrWr regression analysis. Six different tomato inbred lines originating from local and introduced breeding material were selected for the study. The hybrids expressed greater mean values for the majority of the traits than the inbred lines. The value of additive component of variance (D) was higher than the value of the dominant variance (H1 and H2) for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, while the value of the dominant component of variance was higher for the fruit weight per plant. Positive values of additive x dominant genetic effect interaction (F) for the observed traits point to a greater participation of dominant alleles in the inheritance of these traits, which was confirmed by the coefficients H2/4H1 (0.208-0.228) and by the ratio KD/KR being greater than unity (1.129-1.536). The values of the average degree of dominance H / D 1 , lower than unity for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, indicate that these traits were inherited by partial dominance. Furthermore, values of the degree of dominance greater than unity for the fruit weight indicate that this trait was inherited by dominance or superdominance. These conclusions were also confirmed by high values of the broad- and narrow-sense heritability that varied from 98.88% to 99.44%, i.e., from 45.06 to 87.51%, respectively, as well as, by the VrWr regression for the observed traits in the F1 generation
The present paper shows results obtained on effects of priming of sunflower seeds, subjected to accelerated ageing and the cold test, on seed vigour. Seeds were primed with distilled water, the potassium nitrate solution (0.2%) and the gibberellic acid solution (0.04%). The following parameters were tested: energy of germination, germination, proportion of abnormal seedlings, lengths of roots and shoots of normal seedlings. Accelerated ageing in the course of 3 and 5 days resulted in a statistically significant reduction in energy of germination and germination; it adversely affected the length of roots and shoots and it increased the proportion of abnormal seedlings. Seed priming with all three solutions mitigated adverse effects of 3-day accelerated ageing on energy of germination. Furthermore, seed priming with gibberellic acid prior to 3-day accelerated ageing positively affected seed germination and neutralized a negative effect of accelerated ageing on the number of abnormal seedlings, as well as on lengths of shoots and roots of normal seedlings. The cold test (at 5°C for 7 days) negatively affected energy of germination and the root length, increased the proportion of abnormal seedlings and did not affect seed germination. Priming of seeds with distilled water prior to the cold test completely neutralized the adverse effect of low temperatures on energy of germination. Finally, priming of seeds with all three solutions completely neutralized the adverse effect of cold test on the root length.
Mean positive correlation (r = 0,47**) between grain yield and number of plants per m² and strong correlation between grain yield and number of spikes per m² were established (r = 0,55**). Weak correlation was established between grain yield and productive tillering (r = 0,24**). Strong positive correlation (r = 0,51**) is between the number of spikes per m² and productive tillering, as well as between the number of plants per m² and number of spikes per m² (r = 0,68**). Very weak negative correlation (r = -0,12*) is between productive tillering and the number of plants per m². Regression equations of grain yield and other investigated traits, on the level of significance 5% and 1%, have linear form. By increasing one plant per m², the number of spikes for one per m², productive tillering for one, grain yield will be increased for 0,006 t/ha, 0,005 t/ha and 1,174 t/ha on the average. The other regression equations between the number of spikes per m², number of plants per m² and productive tillering have linear form. By increasing one plant per m² and productive tillering for one, the increase of number of spikes per m² is 1,087 and 312,21 on the average. By increasing the number of plants per m², productive tillering is reduced for 47,59 on the average
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops, and as such, one of the most significant naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials for the production of energy and multitude of different products. Many studies have shown that the kernel composition and starch structure of maize are highly influenced by genetic background of the maize. Maize grain consists of approximately 70% of starch, which makes it a very suitable feedstock for the bioethanol production. This study was conducted with aim to understand how different genetic background affects bioethanol yield and other fermentation properties of the selected maize genotypes in the process of maize grain- based bioethanol production. Twenty seven maize hybrids, including genotypes of standard chemical composition as well as specialty maize hybrids such as popping, waxy, white kernel and red kernel hybrids, developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, were investigated in this study. The lowest bioethanol yield of 7.25% w/w obtained for hybrid ZP 611k after 48 h of fermentation and the highest by genotype ZP 434 (8.96% w/w). A very significant positive correlation was determined between kernel starch content and the bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation, as well as volumetric productivity (48h) (r=0.67). Between bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation and soft endosperm content in kernel of the investigated ZP maize hybrids a very significant positive correlation was assessed (r=0.66). Higher overall bioethanol yields have been obtained from genotypes containing higher starch and lower protein and lipid contents.
The aim of the research in field conditions was to establish grain yield and some yield components in three wheat varieties depending on seed size, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5 and 2.8 mm, using split-plot method in four replications. The highest number of plants (477 and 518) per m 2 was obtained from the 2.5 and 2.8 mm seed size, respectively. The largest number of spikes (561 and 532) per m 2 was obtained from the 2.8 and 2.5 mm seed size, respectively. The highest coefficient of productive tillering of 1.39 was recorded in the 1.8 mm seed size. Remaining seed fractions (2.0, 2.2, 2.5 and 2.8 mm) gave significantly lower productive tillering. There were very significant differences in wheat grain yield over years, varieties, seed sizes and the year × seed size interactions. The highest wheat grain yields of 7.22 t ha-1 and 6.86 t ha-1 were achieved in the case of 2.5 and 2.2 mm seed sizes, respectively. A positive strong correlation was detected between the number of overwintered plants and the grain yield (r = 0.63**). Moreover a positive strong correlation was established between the number of spikes and the grain yield (r = 0.70**), while the negative weak correlation was recorded between the coefficient of productive tillering and the grain yield (r =-0.32**). With the same sowing norm, a large seed produces a significantly higher number of plants and spikes per m 2 than small seed, which is important for the grain yield.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.