In the post-Soviet period, the North Caucasus region of modern Russia has become one of the most complex ethno-political regions of the country. The consequences of the ill-conceived cutting of territories and the delimitation of borders between the republics in the early years of Soviet power, the historical memory of the Caucasian War, deportations, exiles, repression, crisis circumstances, mass unemployment, and other socio-economic problems as a result of the severe crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR and liberal economic reforms, which in one way or another affected all neighboring republics, inter-ethnic and intra-confessional conflicts, and the struggle of ethno-clan groups for power, determines the realities of modern life of the population of the North Caucasian region at all levels, from political to domestic, affecting the social, state, and boarder security.
The number of countries that express concern for the danger of using cryptocurrencies for illegal activities among which are money laundering and terrorism financing is increasing. Cryptocurrencies are virtual assets created and managed through advanced computer encryption and operate on a decentralized network known as a blockchain. The key issue of concern and attention in the world is the anonymity and pseudonymity of cryptocurrencies, which prevents proper monitoring of transactions by state institutions and allows the completion of suspicious transactions outside the regulated systems. The paper provides an overview and presentation of the existing European legal framework and the measures and activities undertaken by the Republic of North Macedonia, harmonized with the European ones, in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing in the crypto sector.
The number of countries that express concern for the danger of using cryptocurrencies for illegal activities among which are money laundering and terrorism financing is increasing. Cryptocurrencies are virtual assets created and managed through advanced computer encryption and operate on a decentralized network known as a blockchain. The key issue of concern and attention in the world is the anonymity and pseudonymity of cryptocurrencies, which prevents proper monitoring of transactions by state institutions and allows the completion of suspicious transactions outside the regulated systems. The paper provides an overview and presentation of the existing European legal framework and the measures and activities undertaken by the Republic of North Macedonia, harmonized with the European ones, in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing in the crypto sector.
Migration represents one of the main challenges for any modern country. The constantly changing situation is forcing countries to adapt to the conditions of a globalizing world and the transformation of migration flows, using both new and adapted old theoretical approaches including the justification of the policy of assimilation of migrants and the development of new approaches to their integration. Migration processes affect all aspects of public, social, and state life and security. Such an impact requires certain measures from governments and states and proper assessment by society. Moreover, states should urgently develop proper and effective migration policies to protect their state and social security. It is worth noting that the problem of state regulation of migration flows in the current conditions of political and economic globalization and the impact of migration processes on the economic security of the countries is not developed by the field researchers.
The post-accession evolution of the new Member States to the European Union benefits from limited attention in the EU studies literature. More scholarly works are needed to map the performance of Romania and Bulgaria. Therefore, this paper investigates Romania's performance during the six-month Council Presidency to the European Union in the first half of 2019. Building on the framework of analysis of Karolewski et al., the paper makes an empirical contribution. It seeks to analyze if Romania lived up to the challenges of the office and managed to consolidate its reputation and show its political maturity during this crucial political moment, which countries only get to play every twelve years. The paper argues that the Romanian government aimed to project the image of an active, dynamic, and efficient actor, consensus orientated but without significant policy ambitions. It was a test it wanted to pass to confirm that Romania no longer represents an exceptional case in terms of its laggardness.
This chapter explores the key features of the concept of postnationalism, its modes, and theoretical implications regarding the European Union. The main research intention is to explore the EU as a model and an agent for reconciliation of the Balkan region. For that purpose, the main operative elements of both the South East European Cooperation Process and “Yugosphere” are examined. At the end, it is concluded that the emulation of EU postnational model by the Balkan countries enables the process of reconciliation. Hence, the Balkan states seems to be “forced” to cooperate with each other, in order to achieve their common objective – their full integration into the EU, which strongly confirms the role of the EU as an agent for reconciliation of the Balkans.
This paper represents the analysis of the Court of Justice of the EU, in particular the Court of Justice, and its “interpretive power”, within its authority for diffusion and proliferation of the EU law. Namely, the paper describes the position, responsibilities, powers and the role of the Court of Justice, in order to penetrate into its institutional performances as doctrinaire authority, regarding the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU as its interpretive framework. Also, the paper presents the most representative axiological determinations of the EU as a basis of the “interpretive power” of the Court of Justice. Accordingly, the paper describes the Court as a central judicial EU institution that with its “interpretive power” generates legal doctrines through the prism of fundamental rights and freedoms. Consequently, the Court of Justice appears as undisputed doctrinaire authority that assumes the role of doctrine - maker and doctrine - keeper of the human rights and freedoms, accepted and promulgated by the EU.
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