Aim. The paper analyses the Islamic revival in Russia in the late 20th century and early 21st. This was reflected in the registration of religious communities, the publication of periodicals on Muslim literature, and, in my opinion, most importantly - the construction of mosques and madrassas. It highlights the roles of mosques and madrassas built in the North Caucasus, which later became the theological centers for the spread of Islam and educated youngsters according to their propaganda. Methods. The study mainly uses an analysis method based on the study of historicism, documents and empirical material. The basis of the source are books, scientific articles, research works conducted by Russian and foreign experts. Results. The post-Soviet wars (1994-1996 and 1999-2000) in Chechnya contributed to the politicisation and realisation of Islam in this region. In 1996-1999 there were 26 Sharia courts, numerous Islamic parties, charitable foundations and organisations in the republic and, most importantly, structures of Wahhabi organisations (Akaev, n.d.). The process of politicisation gradually turned into organisational formations in Russia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Conclusion. The constructive transformation by reinforcing the modernist potentials of Islam has contributed to the real renewal of Russian Muslim societies, which led to the radicalisation of the whole region. The described events have shown that for the last 20 years, the revival of religious Islam was a revival of political organisations and activities, where religion is connected to politics and criminal activities. A small North Caucasian republic immediately turned up at the center of Russia's recent history. Key Words: Islam, politics, revival, radicalization, Russia, North Caucasus
Aim. The goal of the paper is to analyse the constantly growing scale of migration and its impact on the European political and social sphere; to show the concern of European politicians and society about the newcomers, which leads to social hostility and unpredictable situations. There is a concern that migrants, being representatives of different cultural environments and religions, will bring social disharmony, raise the crime rate and terrorism in Europe and cause a certain threats to European society. Methods. The basis of the paper are the following research methods – statistical, descriptive and analytical, which represent certain sources: the study courses and books, scientific papers, empirical materials, published on official websites and documents in the field of migration and its policy. Results and conclusion. Modern migration is complicated by the strong emotional reaction and hostile attitude of European society, which has a direct negative impact on the European political situation and society itself. The situation has become even more complex by the fact that the migrants are mostly from Islamic countries with strong religious ideology and cultural roots that create serious obstacles for their integration. Here it is worthy of highlighting the role of Diasporas and their impact on the integrational processes. Cognitive value. It appears that the 21st century has become the era of migration. Thus, the representatives of all social sciences are paying attention to the study of this unusually complex phenomenon. Yet, despite the significant interest of researchers, for politicians, and the civic sector the phenomena of migration still is not studied properly.
This article presents the results of research into the influence of a pandemic on education in the field of foreign languages. Research regarding opinions was conducted by the free interview technique on specially selected foreign language teachers in Poland, Belarus, Italy, Ukraine and Georgia. The areas researched covered opinions on various topics – changes in the functioning of educational institutions; changes in students’ needs, expectations and behaviour, with special regard to seniors; problems connected with remote learning; changes in educational methods and content; and the specifics of teaching seniors foreign languages during a pandemic. As a result of qualitative analysis, three categories of problem emerged - pedagogical, didactic, and those specific to the teaching of seniors.
The chapter examines the place and role of Islam in the socio-political life of the peoples in the North Caucasus, especially in the Chechen Republic, as well as relations between the state and religious organizations and society, and examines the role of Islam in the political and socio-spiritual life of the region. The work analyzes the struggles of Chechen people for independence, which were called the Chechen wars and given the cliché of Jihad, reflected in the revival of political organizations and activities. The chapter shows that having experienced two very dreadful wars it is still possible to build a strong, sovereign, safe republic with a very low criminal rate, and written a long stand strategy for the socio-economic development. It is worthy to say that the strategy has clearly defined basic priorities and development vector of the Chechen Republic until 2025 as a mechanism for their initial coordination, where the main priority in the tourism sector, since the republic has a great potential for it.
Migration represents one of the main challenges for any modern country. The constantly changing situation is forcing countries to adapt to the conditions of a globalizing world and the transformation of migration flows, using both new and adapted old theoretical approaches including the justification of the policy of assimilation of migrants and the development of new approaches to their integration. Migration processes affect all aspects of public, social, and state life and security. Such an impact requires certain measures from governments and states and proper assessment by society. Moreover, states should urgently develop proper and effective migration policies to protect their state and social security. It is worth noting that the problem of state regulation of migration flows in the current conditions of political and economic globalization and the impact of migration processes on the economic security of the countries is not developed by the field researchers.
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