Purpose of Reveiw
The root cause of many diseases like CVD, cancer, and aging is free radicals which exert their effect by interfering with different metabolic pathways. The sources of free radicals can be exogenous, like UV rays from sunlight, and endogenous due to different metabolic by-products.
In our body, there are defense mechanisms present, such as antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules to combat these free radicals, but if there is an overload of these free radicals in our body, the defense system may not be sufficient to neutralize these free radicals. In such situations, we are exposed to a chronic low dose of oxidants creating oxidative stress, which is responsible for eliciting different diseases.
Recent Findings
Pubmed and Google Scholar are the search engines used to sort out relevant papers on myricetin and its role in combating many diseases. Myricetin is present in many fruits and vegetables and is a known antioxidant. It can elevate the antioxidant enzyme levels; reduces the lipid peroxidation; and is known to protect against cancer. In the case of myocardial dysfunction, myricetin has been shown to suppress the inflammatory cytokines and reduced the mortality rate. Myricetin has also been found to reduce platelet aggregation and control the viral infections by interfering in the DNA replication pathways.
Summary
In this paper, we have briefly reviewed about the different type and site of free radicals and the role of myricetin in addressing the ROS and different diseases.
Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds that mainly possess antioxidant properties due to more hydroxyl groups in their structure and play an important role in combatting many diseases. Myricetin is a flavonoid found in grapes, green tea, fruits, and vegetables and is not only an antioxidant but also is a pro-oxidant. Myricetin is sparingly soluble in water and restricts its properties due to low bioavailability. The present study reports the liposomal nanoformulations of myricetin to improve its bioavailability with reduced pro-oxidant activity. The nanoformulated myricetin was characterized using different photophysical tools, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of nanoencapsulated myricetin on the developing zebrafish embryo was studied in terms of microscopic observations, cumulative hatchability, and antioxidant activities, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, after treating the zebrafish embryo with standard oxidant hydrogen peroxide. The results obtained from the cumulative hatchability, developmental studies, and antioxidant assays indicated that the liposomal nanoformulation of myricetin had enhanced antioxidant activity, leading to defense against oxidative stress. The formulation was highly biocompatible, as evidenced by the cumulative hatching studies as well as microscopic observations. The positive effects of liposomal nanoformulation on zebrafish embryos can open an avenue for other researchers to carry out further related research and to check its activities in clinical studies and developmental studies.
Background:
Electronic noses have recently developed as a part of nanotechnology-based devices to cater to different needs in the field of biomedical sciences.
Objective:
To have a detailed idea regarding the various uses of electronic noses in the early detection of diseases, food spoilage, etc., we need to explore multiple studies.
Methods:
Chiefly, biosensors for detecting different volatile organic compounds responsible for different diseases exerted from the lungs are developed based on electronic noses. The difference in the breath pattern of normal individuals and diseased individuals who have cancer, CVD, diabetes, neurological disorders, etc. can be differentiated using the electronic nose.
Results:
In the field of food industry, bacterial contamination and other kinds of food spoilage can be detected at an early stage by detecting the pattern of evolved gases from these food items using the electronic nose.
Conclusion:
Thus, there are versatile applications of electronic noses in the early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, chemical industry, food industries, etc., which will be discussed in this review.
Background:
Economic development and vast changes in food habits have accelerated the consumption of
junk foods which are the leading causes of several disorders that turns majority of the people to use various herbal
formulations or drugs for preventing various lifestyle diseases. Nutraceuticals are the borderline apparatus between
nutrients and drugs that provides supplementation of particular nutrient with favorable health effect.
Objective:
Various nutraceutical compounds like vitamins, spices, polyphenols, prebiotics and probiotics in the form of
powders, tablets, capsules are currently marketed globally. Among them previous literatures have reported that
polyphenols are the most promising compounds that have been proven to treat various chronic diseases like cancer,
hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, congenital anomalies,
Alzheimer’s disease, etc. It is warranted to discuss about the benefits of nanoformulations of nutraceuticals.
Methods:
We have searched PubMed using the keywords nutraceuticals, nanoformulations, therapeutic approaches,
bionanotechnology, and therapeutics. The relevant papers and classical papers in this field were selected to write this
review.
Results and Discussion:
The different classifications of nutraceuticals were elaborately described in this review. The
comparison between the different categories of nutraceuticals with their nanoformulated forms was done explaining the
benefits of nanoformulations regarding stability, bioavailability, enhanced antioxidant properties etc. A glimpse on the
drawbacks of nanoformulations were also included.
Conclusion:
The current review highlights an overview of various nanoformulated nutraceuticals and its approach
towards the treatment of multiple diseases.
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