Versatile Applications of Nanotechnology-based Electronic Nose

Abstract

Background: Electronic noses have recently developed as a part of nanotechnology-based devices to cater to different needs in the field of biomedical sciences. Objective: To have a detailed idea regarding the various uses of electronic noses in the early detection of diseases, food spoilage, etc., we need to explore multiple studies. Methods: Chiefly, biosensors for detecting different volatile organic compounds responsible for different diseases exerted from the lungs are developed based on electronic noses. The difference in the breath pattern of normal individuals and diseased individuals who have cancer, CVD, diabetes, neurological disorders, etc. can be differentiated using the electronic nose. Results: In the field of food industry, bacterial contamination and other kinds of food spoilage can be detected at an early stage by detecting the pattern of evolved gases from these food items using the electronic nose. Conclusion: Thus, there are versatile applications of electronic noses in the early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, chemical industry, food industries, etc., which will be discussed in this review.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of porous TiO2 containing C/P/K derived from grapefruit peel

“…To achieve the experimental goal while saving energy, the process parameters of the calcination stage were set as follows: the grapefruit peel loaded with precursor was calcined in a muffle furnace under an air atmosphere, with the temperature rising at a rate of 5 °C min −1 from room temperature to 550 °C, followed by a three-hour heat preservation phase, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. According to the added amount of TBOT, the resultant samples were recorded as CPK-TiO 2 -x (x = 10, 15,20,25). In order to facilitate comparison, control samples without grapefruit peel templates were also prepared under the same conditions, referred to as N-TiO 2 -x (x = 10, 15, 20, 25).…”

“…Originating from the philosophical concept of "learning from nature", the preparation of novel functional materials with multilevel ne and complex structures using natural biomaterials as templates is a relatively cutting-edge research eld, which has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. 14,15 Some researchers utilized various natural materials as bio-templates to improve the morphology and structure of TiO 2 , while simultaneously incorporating elements from biomass into TiO 2 , achieving synergistic enhancement of a Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China. E-mail: whliu@stu.…”