Plasma testosterone level and testosterone production rate were determined in a group of 18 healthy young men, 15 healthy older men and 6 hospitalized dysphoric male patients. A battery of anxiety, depression and hostility tests were administered simultaneously. Production rate of testosterone was found to be highly correlated with a measure of aggression derived from the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory in the younger men. Age, on the other hand, was the principal correlant of production rate in the older group. A multivariate regression equation was obtained between testosterone production rate and four psychologic measures of aggression and hostility which accounted for 82% of the variance in the production rate of testosterone for the younger group. This equation was not valid for the older men.Aggressive behavior has been associated with male gonadal activity in a number of mammalian species (1-3). Fighting behavior, for example, has been shown to arise in mice about the time of onset of puberty (4), to be abolished by castration (5) and restored in castrates by administration male sex hormone (6). Psychoendocrine studies concerned with testosterone metabolism in man have been extremely limited, primarily because of methodologic considerations. With the advent of adequate technics for assessment of plasma testosterone level, of urinary testosterone metabolites, and of testosterone production rate, a heightened interest in human gonadal-behavioral relationships may be predicted in the future.In the course of a preceding study (7) of affect-endocrine interrelationships, a considerable degree of specificity was obtained between dysphoric feelings (anxiety + depression) and activity of the pituitary (ACTH)-adrenocortical axis, on one hand, and feelings of hostility and activity of pituitary (LH)-testicular axis on the other. At the time of that study, it was necessary to use urinary 17-ketosteroids as a measure of gonadal function for want of more specific technics. Despite that technical deficit, the evidence in support of specific association of a single endocrine system, LH-

Infections caused by carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an emerging threat in both solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Invasive CPE infections in transplant recipients are associated with a high mortality, often due to limited therapeutic options and antibacterial toxicities. One of the most therapeutically challenging group of CPE are the metallo‐β‐lactamase (MBL)‐producing Gram‐negative bacteria, which are now found worldwide, and often need treatment with older, highly toxic antimicrobial regimens. Newer β‐lactamase inhibitors such as avibactam have well‐established activity against certain carbapenemases such as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC), but have no activity against MBL‐producing organisms. Conversely, aztreonam has activity against MBL‐producing organisms but is often inactivated by other co‐existing β‐lactamases. Here, we report four cases of invasive MBL‐CPE infections in transplant recipients caused by IMP‐4‐producing Enterobacter cloacae who were successfully treated with a new, mechanism‐driven antimicrobial combination of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam. This novel antimicrobial combination offers a useful treatment option for high‐risk patients with CPE infection, with reduced drug interactions and toxicity.

This study provides the largest data on biopsy proven renal disease in children from South Asia published till date and highlights important differences in the spectrum and trends of kidney disease compared to data from other regions.

An attempt was made to investigate the interactive roles of social isolation, movement restriction, and prior information in the sensory deprivation experiment. 20 Ss were put into an 8-hr. sensory deprivation condition and 20 other Ss into an 8-hr. social isolation (with sensory stimulation) condition. All Ss were also seen on a non-confined control day in the laboratory. The order of the control and experimental days was counterbalanced within each group. These groups were compared with other groups with less movement restriction. The results indicated that the interaction between confinement and familiarity-uncertainty set produced psychological stress effects. Sensory deprivation and uncertainty produced “primary-process” effects; movement restriction enhanced these effects and produced additional discomfort and more autonomic arousal.