This study represents an attempt to clarify the traits measured by the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) by defining factors within the scale itself and by correlating the scale with independent measures of other traits. 4 factors were defined in an earlier extended version of the SSS given to males: thrill sensation seeking, social sensation seeking, visual sensation seeking, and antisocial sensation seeking. Only the 1st 2 factors emerged clearly in the female data. The SSS was positively correlated with autonomy, change, and exhibitionism scores, and negatively correlated with deference, nurturance, orderliness, and affiliation scores on both the Edwards PPS and the Gough-Heilbrun ACL. The SSS correlated positively with Hypomania (MMPI) and Lability (ACL), and negatively with Self-Control (ACL) and Field Dependency.
An attempt was made to investigate the interactive roles of social isolation, movement restriction, and prior information in the sensory deprivation experiment. 20 Ss were put into an 8-hr. sensory deprivation condition and 20 other Ss into an 8-hr. social isolation (with sensory stimulation) condition. All Ss were also seen on a non-confined control day in the laboratory. The order of the control and experimental days was counterbalanced within each group. These groups were compared with other groups with less movement restriction. The results indicated that the interaction between confinement and familiarity-uncertainty set produced psychological stress effects. Sensory deprivation and uncertainty produced “primary-process” effects; movement restriction enhanced these effects and produced additional discomfort and more autonomic arousal.
The study was designed to test the hypothesis that affect states just prior to hypnosis induction are related to subsequent hypnotizability, while affect traits are not so related. The Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL), an affect-state test, was given to Ss just prior to hypnosis. MMPI affect-trait measures were given after hypnosis. Hostility state (MAACL) was significantly and negatively correlated with hypnotizability in 3 runs of Ss tested in small, highly motivated groups. Depression state was negatively correlated with hypnotizability in 2 of the runs, and anxiety state was negatively correlated in 1 of the runs. Affect-state measures were unrelated to hypnotizability in a large, less motivated group. Affect-trait measures, as well as other trait measures from the MMPI, were unrelated to hypnotizability. The results show the importance of the state versus trait distinction in the prediction of hypnotic behavior and have implications for other areas of prediction.
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a stress set or no set (uncertainty) would produce greater arousal in sensory deprivation (SD) than a relaxation set. The role of a diurnal (a.m. vs p.m.) factor was also evaluated. Eighteen male subjects were run in a 3 hour SD condition in the morning, and 18 were run in the afternoon. One third of the subjects were given a stress set emphasizing the stressful and peculiar effects of SD, one third were told nothing, and one third were told that the study was on the effects of “relaxation”. Heart Rate, Breathing Rate (BR), Skin Conductance, and Nonspecific GSR fluctuations (NS‐GSRs) were measured before and during the SD condition. BR was higher in the stress set group than in the other set groups. NS‐GSRs were higher in the stress set and no set groups than in the relaxation set group. Subjects showed more reaction on both of these measures in the afternoon than in the morning.
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