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The durability of circulating neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and their boosting by vaccination remains to be defined. We show that outpatient and hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals mount a robust neutralizing antibody (nAb) response that peaks at days 23 and 27 post-symptom onset, respectively. Although nAb titers remained higher in hospitalized patients, both study groups showed long-lasting nAb responses that can persist for up to 12 months after natural infection. These nAb responses in previously seropositive individuals can be significantly boosted through immunization with two doses of the CoronaVac (Sinovac) or one dose of the BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer) vaccines, suggesting a substantial induction of B cell memory responses. Noteworthy, three obese previously seropositive individuals failed to mount a booster response upon vaccination, warranting further studies in this population. Immunization of naive individuals with two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine or one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine elicited similar levels of nAbs compared to seropositive individuals 4,2 to 13.3 months post-infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this preliminary evidence suggests that both, seropositive and naive individuals, require two doses of CoronaVac to ensure the induction of robust nAb titers.

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Summary Background Obesity increases the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness in adults. The role of obesity in short‐term complications and post‐acute sequelae in children is not well defined. Objective To evaluate the relationship between obesity and short‐term complications and post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in hospitalized paediatric patients. Methods An observational study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals, including paediatric hospitalized patients with a confirmatory SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR from March 2020 to December 2021. Obesity was defined according to WHO 2006 (0–2 years) and CDC 2000 (2–20 years) growth references. Short‐term outcomes were intensive care unit admission, ventilatory support, superinfections, acute kidney injury, and mortality. Neurological, respiratory, and cardiological symptoms and/or delayed or long‐term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms were considered as post‐acute sequalae. Adjusted linear, logistic regression and generalized estimating equations models were performed. Results A total of 216 individuals were included, and 67 (31.02%) of them had obesity. Obesity was associated with intensive care unit admission (aOR = 5.63, CI95% 2.90–10.94), oxygen requirement (aOR = 2.77, CI95% 1.36–5.63), non‐invasive ventilatory support (aOR = 6.81, CI95% 2.11–22.04), overall superinfections (aOR = 3.02 CI95% 1.45–6.31), and suspected bacterial pneumonia (aOR = 3.00 CI95% 1.44–6.23). For post‐acute sequalae, obesity was associated with dyspnea (aOR = 9.91 CI95% 1.92–51.10) and muscle weakness (aOR = 20.04 CI95% 2.50–160.65). Conclusions In paediatric hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, severe short‐term outcomes and post‐acute sequelae are associated with obesity. Recognizing obesity as a key comorbidity is essential to develop targeted strategies for prevention of COVID‐19 complications in children.