Uno de los más importantes mecanismos de producción y reproducción de las élites sigue siendo la educación. Este artículo busca mapear a las élites en el campo universitario chileno, identificando las principales carreras y universidades en donde este grupo se concentra y, además, tipificando cómo estas instituciones promueven (o no) los procesos de movilidad de las élites. A través de un análisis estadístico diversificado, se concluye que las élites académicas y sociales en Chile se concentran principalmente en dos selectos grupos: en unas pocas instituciones tradicionales, con alto prestigio y alto nivel de selectividad; y en algunas instituciones nuevas, de carácter privado y focalizadas en capturar a los grupos sociales más altos del país. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que el sistema de educación chileno promueve bajos niveles de movilidad de la élite, estructurándose en un sistema que permite perpetuar los procesos de su reproducción de este grupo.
(-7 pp.). Participation in school sporting activities reduces the likelihood of being overweight only for students of middle and low SES (-5,5 pp.). For adolescents of high SES, the distance between their school and the nearest fast food restaurant decreases the likelihood of being overweight (-4.7 pp. per km.).
Conclusions:The determinants of overweight differ by SES. Public policy design should consider socioeconomic inequalities that characterize the Chilean reality. (Rev Med Chile 2015; 143: 598-605)
In a developing and highly unequal region like Latin America, it is crucial to understand the determinants that affect people's support for redistribution of resources from the state. A series of theories focused on self-interest have continuously established a negative link between people's income and their support for the reduction of inequalities through redistribution. Despite this, the evidence is scarce and sometimes contradictory while its study in Latin America is almost non-existent. Using data from the LAPOP Survey between 2008 and 2018, a longitudinal dimension is considered for the first time in the measurement of Latin American redistributive preferences, using hybrid multilevel regression models. In contrast to the evidence from studies conducted in other regions, the results reveal that in Latin America it is not possible to detect a clear association between income and redistributive preferences at specific times, but it is possible when changes occur in countries' levels of inequality and economic development. Likewise, other elements that consistently affect preferences are evident, such as educational level, political ideology, and confidence in the political system. In light of this evidence, comparisons are made with previous research findings in industrialized countries, challenging rationalist theories of justice and solidarity.
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