Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is considered the most catastrophic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to repeated hospitalizations, infection, gangrene, and finally amputation of the limb. In patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, the wound-healing process is impaired due to various factors such as endothelial dysfunction and synthesis of advanced glycation end-products, hence, conventional therapeutic interventions might not be effective. With increasing therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in recent years, their potential as a method for improving the wound-healing process has gained remarkable attention. In this field, mesenchymal stem cells exert their beneficial effects through immunomodulation, differentiation into the essential cells at the site of ulcers, and promoting angiogenesis, among others. In this article, we review cellular and molecular pathways through which mesenchymal stem cell therapy reinforces the healing process in non-healing Diabetic foot ulcers.
Hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer from neurological disorders or have experienced them intermittently, which has significantly reduced their quality of life. The common treatments for neurological disorders are relatively expensive and may lead to a wide variety of side effects including sleep attacks, gastrointestinal side effects, blood pressure changes, etc. On the other hand, several herbal medications have attracted colossal popularity worldwide in the recent years due to their availability, affordable prices, and few side effects. Aromatic plants, sage (Salvia officinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) have already shown anxiolytics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. They have also shown potential in treating common neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and cognitive disorders. This review summarizes the data on the neuroprotective potential of aromatic herbs, sage, lavender, and rosemary.
More than 90% of all liver malignancies are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), for which chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the ideal therapeutic choices. Hepatocellular carcinoma is descended from other liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholism, and metabolic syndrome. Normal cells and tissues may suffer damage from common forms of chemotherapy. In contrast to systemic chemotherapy, localized chemotherapy can reduce side effects by delivering a steady stream of chemotherapeutic drugs directly to the tumor site. This highlights the significance of controlled-release biodegradable hydrogels as drug delivery methods for chemotherapeutics. This review discusses using hydrogels as drug delivery systems for HCC and covers thermosensitive, pH-sensitive, photosensitive, dual-sensitive, and glutathione-responsive hydrogels. Compared to conventional systemic chemotherapy, hydrogel-based drug delivery methods are more effective in treating cancer.
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