Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors. They are categorized histologically as capillary, cavernous, and venous. Both cavernous and venous hemangiomas contain large dilated vessels. However, the vascular channels in venous hemangiomas are characterized by thick fibrous walls containing smooth muscle. On the other hand, cavernous hemangiomas consist of thin-walled vascular spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells. The extremities, head, and neck are the most usual localisations. Various treatments have been discussed in literature such as surgery, medical therapy, sclerotherapy, and cryoablation in case of pain, organ dysfunction or cosmetic reason. The case is here reported of a patient with a venous hemangioma on the neck and the treatment applied. CASE REPORTA 28-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a smooth mass on the right side of the neck. The mass had been present since childhood and started to become more obvious at the age of 13 years. Throughout the adolescent growing period, the mass continued to enlarge. During pregnancy the growth of the smooth mass accelerated reaching dimensions of 8×5 cm. The mass did not decrease in size after giving birth. The patient presented with aesthetic complaints and pain when bowing her head (Figure 1A,1B).Physical examination showed the mass to be smooth and non-pulsatile. Doppler ultrasound showed that mass was a lobulated vascular malformation. Computed tomography revealed that it contained a lobulated venous mass. There was no sign of arterio-venous fistula (Figure 1C). Informed consent was taken from the patient. Surgery was planned for both the cosmetic and pain symptoms. The patient was evaluated for cardiac pathology with echocardiography, and cranial computed tomography revealed no cerebral vascular pathology.Under general anaesthesia, a skin incision was made anterior of the m. sternocleidomastoideus. The skin and m. platisma were very thin. After wide tissue dissection, 5 thick veins related to the v. jugularis

Background Cilostazol is a guideline-recommended drug that improves intermittent claudication and quality of life in patients with chronic atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. The drug is used for most etiologies of arterial occlusive diseases in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients benefit equally from cilostazol regardless of etiology. Methods Patients on cilostazol were divided into 4 groups according to arterial occlusive disease etiology: (1) atherosclerosis, (2) diabetic angiopathy, (3) embolism/thrombosis, and (4) Buerger disease. Patients' maximum walking distance, ankle-brachial index score and distal tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2), clinical improvement onset time, ability to reach maximum benefit time, vascular surgeries, and wounds were compared before they started cilostazol and after 12 months. Results were evaluated at a statistical significance of P < .05. Results In 194 patients, 307 target extremities were evaluated in the 4 disease groups. After cilostazol use, maximum walking distance, ankle-brachial index score, and distal Sto2 increased significantly in all groups (P < .001), but distal Sto2 in the diabetic angiopathy and Buerger disease groups was significantly lower than in the atherosclerosis group (P < .001). Ankle-brachial index and distal Sto2 differences in the Buerger disease group were significantly lower (both P < .001). The vascular surgery counts decreased significantly in the atherosclerosis and embolism/thrombosis groups (P = .019 and P = .004, respectively). Conclusion Patients with nonatherosclerotic arterial occlusive disease also benefit from cilostazol, but patients with Buerger disease or diabetic angiopathy seem to benefit less. Combining cilostazol with anticoagulant or antiaggregant agents and closer monitoring of these patients may produce better results.

The present study evaluated the use of endocan, interleukin-17 (IL-17), and thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) blood levels as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients with PAD (Rutherford categories I, II, and III) who were admitted between March 2020 and March 2022 for cardiovascular surgery or outpatient clinic follow-up were included. The patients ( n = 60) were divided into 2 groups: medical treatment ( n = 30) and surgical treatment ( n = 30). In addition, a control group ( n = 30) was created for comparison. Endocan, IL-17, and TSP-4 blood levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and at the first month after treatment. Endocan and IL-17 values were found to be significantly higher in both groups that underwent medical (259.7 ± 46 pg/mL, 63.7 ± 16.6 pg/mL) and surgical (290.3 ± 84.5 pg/mL, 66.4 ± 19.6 pg/mL) treatment than the control group (187.4 ± 34.5 pg/mL, 56.5 ± 7.2 pg/mL P < .001). Tsp-4 value was found to be significantly higher only in the surgical treatment group (15 ± 4.3 ng/mL) than the control group (12.9 ± 1.4 ng/mL P < .05). The decreases in endocan, IL-17, and TSP-4 levels at the first month of treatment in both groups were also significant ( P < .001). A combination of classical and these new biomarkers could be included in PAD screening, early diagnosis, severity determination, and follow-up protocols in order to provide effective assessment in clinical practice.

Objective: Number of pregnancy has a positive correlation with the development of lower limb venous insufficiency. We purpose to reveal the relation between the venous insufficiency in pregnancy and concomittant gestational features. Method: A retrospective analysis was performed using data collected from the database of our institution between January 2016-January 2021. 35 patients were included.The informations about age,in vitro fertilisation usage,polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),free T4 (fT4) and TSH levels,gestational diabetes mellitus(DM),other features and reports of Doppler ultrasound (USG) were investigated.Quantitative variables were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Relation between qualitative variables were analysed using x2 test.Descriptive statistics of qualitative variables were considered as mean±standard deviation,median (25-75 percentile), minimum-maximum.Descriptive statistics of quantitative variables were considered as frequency (%). p