Electrocoagulation process using Ti electrode was employed for carwash wastewater treatment. Taguchi experimental design method was applied to identify the optimized values of operating parameters for chemical oxygen demand, anionic surfactant and oil-grease removals. The effects of operating parameters on the removal of selected pollutants were investigated. The operating variables were selected as pH: 4-8; current density: 2.5-30 A/m 2 ; stirring speed: 150-350 rpm. 84% chemical oxygen demand, 99.3% anionic surfactant and 82% oil-grease removal efficiencies were achieved under the optimized conditions. The operating cost was calculated as 9.67 $/m 3 for these conditions. The analysis of variance results indicated that the current density had the greatest effect on the removals. EC sludge produced at the optimum conditions was analyzed using environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The results indicated that Taguchi design method was suitable to determine the optimum values of operating parameters for EC treatment of carwash effluents. High chemical oxygen demand, anionic surfactant and oil-grease removals showed that electrocoagulation process using Ti electrode can be used for the removal of organic matters from carwash effluents.
Leachates contained in most modern waste-containment facilities are aqueous solutions containing a complex mixture of inorganic and organic species. In the Turkey, solid wastes are primarily disposed in landfills. Landfills may potentially leak leading to contamination of underlying soils and groundwater. Compacted clays or mixtures of local soils with clay are frequently used to achieve very low hydraulic conductivity barriers and prevent subsurface contamination. In this study, experiments have been carried out to determine the adsorption capacity of the clay soils for some metal ions (Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) in a batch reactor systems. For this purpose the leachate and clay soils was taken from Şile-Kömürcüoda Landfill Area on the Asian side of Istanbul. A series of experiments were carried out to determine the most efficient adsorbent amount with the leachate. In first step, the optimum amount of clay was determined by using clay in various amounts with constant amount of the leachate. In second step, the same amount of leachate was contacted with the optimum amount of clay in shaker to determine the effect of contact time. In last step, in order to determine the effect of temperature, all experiments were carried out at three different temperatures. In this study, after all experiments, the optimum amount of the clay was found 0.25 g. Depending on this result, optimum temperature was found 35 0 C and recovery efficiencies up to 99 percent were achieved for Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn ions.
Domestic wastewaters causing pollution contain inorganic and/or organic materials. When the domestic wastewater outflows to the receiving waters, it causes physical, chemical, and biological pollution in them, and deteriorates the ecological balance of those waters. In the treatment of wastewater, various treatment methods are available depending on the pollution strength of the wastewater. Besides mechanical and biological methods, wastewater treatment with physicochemical methods is still one of the most effective and economical options. Particularly in wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids, this method is very successful, and obtaining high suspended solids removal efficiencies is very possible. In this study, the effects of the use of coagulant and coagulant aid to be used in a treatment plant where domestic wastewater treatment is carried out are determined to increase the treatment efficiency of a biological treatment that comes later in the stages of the treatment. The effluent of the pre-settling tank may contain a lot of suspended solids. This presence of excess suspended solids decreases the efficiency at other levels of treatment and causes energy loss. In the experiments, the standard jar and inhibition tests are done as a method. As a result of the conducted studies, it is determined that the FeCl3, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, FeClSO4, and the combination of anionic polyelectrolyte yield the best results in the removal of the parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS). While FeCl3, APE 65, APE 85, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, and FeClSO4 did not show any inhibition effect in the sludge, APE 67, CPE 84, and (Al2(SO4)3 are found to cause inhibition in the sludge.
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