The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of season and number of parity on the reproductive performance of sows kept on a commercial farm. To achieve this objective, 800 nrs productive parent sows and a total of 958 parities were analyzed. The results show that sow’s breeding season had a significant effect on the weaning-to-oestrus interval, the farrowing rate, the litter size and weaning piglets with positive results during autumn, winter and spring seasons. The number of parity has a significant effect on the weaning-to-oestrus interval, litter size and weaning piglets with acceptable values in sows with more farrowing. The results of this study on a pig farm with analysis which highlights the risk factors associated with reproductive performance of sows, could be used to improve sow farm practices.

The cultivation of fruit trees generally requires a nursery phase during which the young seedlings are monitored and treated to improve their ability to adapt to the environment. This leads to the production of seedlings that are used to create orchards. It consists of four essential steps or operations: 1) The germination phase of the seeds in germinators for the production of rootstocks; 2) Transplanting into pots or bags; 3) Fertilisation in order to obtain seedlings of a satisfactory vigour (stem diameter) ready for grafting. The nursery phase requires a good understanding and mastery of plant regeneration and fertilisation techniques. In Cameroon, the demand for avocado (Persea americana) fruits is increasing, but the supply is not keeping up with this demand. After a summary monograph on the production practices of avocado seedlings in the Yaounde area, this work aims to optimise the aforementioned three steps in order to obtain seedlings of sufficient sizes for grafting. Three factors are considered in this study: 1) The substrate (Substrate), whose effects are evaluated by the germination rate (GR), the daily average germination (DAG) and the root volume of seedlings (RootV). 2) The transplanting date (TransD), determined by considering three dates including 40 (Trans40), 65 (Trans65) and 75 (Trans75) days after sowing, and 3) Fertilisation using biological fertilisers, evaluated by testing four fertilisation levels, Fert1 (10 gr of 20-10-10 plus 10 gr fowl droppings), Fert2 (Acaulospora tuberculata), Fert3 (Gigaspora margarita) and Fert4 (Mixed mycorrhizal strains of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata). This third factor is evaluated by growth parameters including leaf area (LeafA), chlorophyll index (ChlorInd), gain in Plant height (GainPltH) and plant diameter (GainPltD).

Background: Nosocomial infection’s (NIs) data are scarce in developing countries. In some of these countries, national guidelines for its prevention by health facilities have introduced surveillance recommendations including Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT). The aim of our study was to evaluate the compliance levels of NIs recommendations. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to December 2018 in 10 health facilities in Yaounde. A checklist with two modules from the ICAT (Health Facility information and Infection Control Program) was used to determine the degree of compliance towards the recommendations by performing interviews, observations and consultation of documents. Results: Sixty (60) % of health facilities are aware of the national guidelines and regulation on the fight against NIs but only 30% have adopted them.  Accreditation standards applicable to health facilities are not known by any of the health facilities. The recommendations concerning demographic characteristics, water supply and the general characteristics on rooms were generally respected (more than 50%) in 90% of the health facilities. 100% of health facilities had less than fifty (50)% compliance level for the fight against NIs recommendations with compliance levels below 15% for 50% of them. This worst compliance (less than 15%) was especially observed with recommended practices concerning responsibilities and authorities (40% of health facilities), functionality of infection and control committees (50% of health facilities), key personnel responsible for fight against NIs (30% of health facilities) and study of outbreaks and surveillance of NIs (100% of health facilities). Training programs on fight against NIs had better scores (30% of health facilities with more than 50% of compliance levels). The Fischer test shows that there is a significant relationship between the compliance with all these recommended practices and the health facility capacity (P= 0, 0476) . Conclusion: NIs control programs in Yaounde health facilities are insufficient. Awareness, training, promotion and follow-up actions are necessary for the understanding and adoption of recommendations on the monitoring of NIs.

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