Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are a group of membranelocalized proteins that have a broad range of substrate transport capabilities and that are thought to contribute to many biological processes. Nine OPTs belonging to the peptide transport (PT) clade were identifi ed in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome, based on their predicted amino acid sequences containing the two highly conserved motifs (NPG and KIPPR) that defi ne the PT-OPT subgroup. Protein identity analysis comparing the rice OPTs of the PT and yellow stripe (YS) clades revealed low levels of similarity between members of these two OPT subgroups. Sequence analysis of the predicted proteins of the PT clade, named OsOPT1 to OsOPT9, revealed all to be integral membrane proteins. Functional analysis of fi ve of the OsOPTs, using a yeast complementation assay, demonstrated that OsOPT1, OsOPT3, OsOPT4, OsOPT5, and OsOPT7 could transport ferrous and/or ferric iron chelated to nicotianamine, a nonpeptidyl metal-chelate. Semi quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction verifi ed expression of the OsOPTs in roots, stems, leaves, hulls, pedicels, and embryos, but transcripts for each OsOPT were not found in every tissue. The identifi cation of multiple PT-clade OPT genes in rice with different expression patterns indicates that they may have different biological roles in the plant.
This is the first complete report of a TTP patient treated with NAC. NAC was a safe and effective supplementary treatment for refractory TTP in this patient.
Underlying diagnosis was a significant predictor of both pre-transplantation PMI and change in PMI post-transplantation. Further studies of PMI are needed to determine its clinical utility in predicting outcomes following lung transplantation.
Burnout syndrome is common in physicians, but little is known about burnout in lung transplant physicians specifically. The purpose of this study was to explore burnout and its relationship to job factors and depression in lung transplant physicians.
Design:A cross-sectional study that included lung transplant pulmonologists and surgeons was performed via electronic survey.
Setting:The lung transplant physicians surveyed practiced worldwide.
Methods:The survey incorporated questions about demographics and job characteristics as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Burnout was defined by high emotional exhaustion or depersonalization.Participants: Ninety physicians worldwide completed the survey.Results: Of the 90 physicians who completed the entire survey, 44 (48.9%) had burnout with 38 (42.2%) having high emotional exhaustion, 15 (16.7%) having high depersonalization, and 9 (10.0%) with both. Of the respondents, 14 (15.6%) had high risk of depression, and of these, 13 also had high emotional exhaustion. There was a positive correlation between depression score and emotional exhaustion score (P=0.67, P<0.001). Depression was more common in surgeons compared with pulmonologists (35.7% versus 11.8%, P=0.02). There was a trend toward more burnout by emotional exhaustion in physicians with more versus less work experience (68.4% versus 31.6%, P=0.056).Conclusions: Emotional exhaustion is common in lung transplant physicians and is associated with depression and a negative impact on life.
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