Three oil samples obtained from sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds were studied by means of FTIR and 1 H NMR. Frequency data of the most significant bands of the IR spectrum of this oil are given. These data show that sacha inchi oil has a high degree of unsaturation. The same fact is deduced from the ratio between the absorbance of the bands due to the stretching vibrations of the cis olefinic CH double bonds at 3010.5 cm −1 and to the methylene symmetrical stretching vibrations at 2855.1 cm −1 . The proportions of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated acyl groups were predicted from the frequency of some IR bands, and these were in satisfactory agreement with the values obtained through FAME generation and their quantification by GC. Likewise, simple observation of the 1 H NMR spectra provided a great deal of information about sacha inchi oil, with regard not only to the relative proportions of the different acyl groups but also to their nature. Thus, the presence of γ-linolenic acyl groups was discounted. Furthermore, the area of some 1 H NMR signals was used to determine the proportion of saturated and mono-, di-, and triunsaturated acyl groups, which also were in satisfactory agreement with the values obtained by classical methods. IR and 1 H NMR determinations take very little time in comparison with classical methods and do not require chemical manipulation or transformation of the sample. A comparison was also made between the compositions of sacha inchi and linseed oil. Both oils are important sources of the healthful n-3 linolenic acyl groups, and sacha inchi also contains high proportions of the n-6 linoleic acyl groups.Paper no. J10400 in JAOCS 80, 755-762 (August 2003).
ResumenCon la finalidad de evaluar el desamargado de la torta de semilla de moringa, estas fueron prensadas obteniéndose aceite y torta. La torta fue sometida a un tratamiento en solución salina (Torta SS) y etanol (Torta OH) y sus características fueron comparados con la de una Torta Testigo. Se determinó en cada muestra, por triplicado, el análisis proximal, el Valor Biológico, digestibilidad verdadera, composición de aminoácidos y el Score de Aminoácidos Corregido por Digestibilidad Proteica (PDCAAS), así mismo se determinaron los taninos, las saponinas, fitatos y los cianuros. El contenido de proteína en la Torta Testigo fue de 43,82%, en la Torta SS de 32,57% y en la Torta OH de 63,69%. El Valor Biológico de la Torta Testigo fue de 20,6; de la Torta SS 24,3 y de la Torta OH 56,9, demostrando la ventaja del tratamiento con etanol. Respecto al PDCAAS en la Torta Testigo puntajes de 115,46; 102,46; 142,79; 342,73; 125,71 y 110,00 para Histidina, Leucina, Fenilalanina, Treonina, Triptofano y valina, respectivamente, fueron superiores frente a las muestras desamargadas, sin embargo, las bondades del desamargado, se observaron en la eliminación del 90% de taninos y el 100% de fitatos aunque los cianuros no pudieron ser removidos.Palabras clave: Moringa oleífera; torta de moringa; Valor Biológico; PDCAAS; perfil toxicológico. AbstractWith the purpose of evaluating the debittering of the seed cake of Moringa, they were pressed in order to obtain oil and cake. The cake was subjected to a treatment in saline solution (Cake SS) and ethanol (Cake OH) and its characteristics were compared with that of a Witness Cake. In each sample, in triplicate, the proximal analysis, the Biological Value, true digestibility, amino acid composition and the Amino Acid Score Corrected by Protein Digestibility (PDCAAS) were determined, as well as the tannins, saponins, phytates and cyanides. The content of protein in the Control Cake was 43.82%, in the SS Cake was 32.57% and in the OH Cake was 63.69%. The Biological Value of the Test Cake was 20.6; of the SS Cake was 24.3 and for the OH Cake was 56.9, demonstrating the advantage of the treatment with ethanol. Regarding the PDCAAS in the Testigo Cake scores of 115.46, 102.46, 142.79, 342.73, 125.71 and 110.00 for histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, respectively, were higher compared to the debittered samples, however, the benefits of debittering, were observed in the elimination of 90% of tannins and 100% of phytates although the cyanides could not be removed. Keywords
NOTA CIENTÍFICA Evaluación de los factores en el desamargado de tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)
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