Bacteria in sediment plays an important role in various biochemical processes in the waters area, for instance degradation of organic matter, biogeochemical cycle, controlling ammonium, nitrates and nitrites concentration, food source for fauna, primary production, and pollution remediation. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of bacteria (Genus) in sediment on the Mangrove and Bekantan Conservation Area (KKMB), Tarakan City. The method used was explorative descriptive method with genus identification as parametric test. Bacterial identification parameters were tested using Gram-test, main test and further test was carried out at the Laboratory of Fish Quarantine, Quality Control and Safety Fishery Products Class II Tarakan. The bacteria found in the sediments on the KKMB were 16 genera i.e. Enterobacteria, Eubacterium, Listeria, Actinobacillus, Bacteriodes, Streptococcus, Plesiomonas, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Bordetella parapertussis, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Neisseria, and the dominant numbers found was Bacillus.
Abstrak Traditional products derived from the local wisdom of the Tarakan City coastal communities, namely in the form of cold protective skin powder from the sun which is made from mangrove raw Sonneratia alba. This product has potential to be developed to improve the economic value of local communities. They can compete with products other sunscreen products produced by industry (commercial) through cream preparation technology (sunscreen).This research was carried out for seven months (February-August 2018) in the Environmental Laboratory of FPIK UBT, Samarinda Pharmacy laboratory (AKFARSAM), and the UNMUL Mathematics and Biochemistry laboratory. The research procedure used maserasi method with 70% ethanol solvent followed by concentrating the extract using a rotary evaporator to obtain extracts of active ingredients and carried out qualitative phytochemical testing. The obtained active ingredient was is then formulated into a sunscreen cream preparation. The level of protection of mixed sunscreen cold powder and commercial cream were tested by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer to see the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) at absorbance of 290-320 nm. Qualitative phytochemical test showed that on S.alba contains of positive alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins, and negative saponins. ANOVA statistical analysis (95%) based on the calculated F value <F table so that H1 is rejected and H0 is accepted, ie there is no difference in SPF values among sunscreen products tested in this study. Based on the category of sunscreen ability, it is known that the SPF value of the three different products tested in this study ranged from maximum to ultra categories with pH values ranging from 6.5-7.5.
Vibriosis disease Vibrio harveyi often drops Penaeus monodon production on the traditional coastal ponds of North Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to find out the active compound extract of Sonneratia alba fruit inhibiting the infection of Vibrio harveyi, which was tested on the larvae of Penaeus monodon in post larvae 12 through the bioerichment of natural feed Artemia salina. This study used an experimental method performed with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed mangrove fruit extracts containing alkaloids, phenol hydroquinone, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. Artemia salina bioenrichment succeeded in increasing the survival of Penaeus monodon larvae 78.33% in treatment III (20 ppm). The results of water quality measurements indicate the range at the normal limit for the life of the Penaeus monodon larvae. Keywords : Penaeus monodon, Artemia salina, Vibrio harveyi, Extract Sonneratia alba
ABSTRAKPenyakit WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) pertama kali dilaporkan menyebabkan wabah mematikan pada udang Penaeus japonicas di Jepang pada tahun 1993 (Nakano et al., 1994) kemudian menyebar hampir ke seluruh wilayah Asia, termasuk Indonesia. Hingga saat ini, WSSV masih menjadi penyebab utama kegagalan panen pada tambak tradisional Kota Tarakan. Virus ini merupakan famili Nimaviridae dari genus Whispovirus yang menyerang udang pada semua stadia dan merupakan patogen mematikan bagi semua jenis udang penaeid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi WSSV di kawasan tambak-tambak tradisional Tarakan (wilayah barat, timur, dan utara) sehingga dapat dilakukan tindakan penanggulangan terhadap penularan WSSV di Kota Tarakan. Antisipasi terhadap penyebaran WSSV dilakukan secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Secara vertikal melalui genetik, sedangkan horizontal melalui rantai makanan, faktor transmisi, dan reservoir infeksi. Penelitian dilakukan di semester awal (Januari-Juni) tahun 2016 menggunakan metode sampling populasi secara acak dan selektif. Sample udang windu (Penaeus monodon) dianalisis kualitatif secara deskriptif menggunakan teknik PCR (polymerase chain reactions) berdasarkan OIE Protocol (Office International Des Epizooties) di Stasiun Karantina Kelas II Tarakan, dan parameter penunjang berupa data kualitas air diukur secara in situ. Hasil penelitian bahwa seluruh sampel yang dianalisis pada 146 F1/R1 Primers First Step menunjukan pita DNA kurang dari 1447 bp hasilnya negatif WSSV, namun pada tahap kedua 146 F2/R2 Primers Nested terdapat satu sampel menghasilkan pita DNA 941 bp hasilnya positif WSSV. Data kualitas air masih sesuai persyaratan baku mutu budidaya windu (SNI 7310-2009). Pada akhir penelitian, tidak ditemukan satu pun tambak tradisional di lokasi penelitian yang mengalami kegagalan panen.Kata kunci: WSSV, Penaeus monodon, PCR, Tambak Tradisional
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