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Objectives: The objectives of this qualitative study were to examine local perspectives on the causes of crime and recidivism in two remote Indigenous communities, and provide a series of recommendations regarding more effective responses that could be implemented by way of justice reinvestment. Method: This study was coordinated by a multi-disciplinary research team that actively engaged the community in every stage of the research process, through a culturally and ecologically informed participatory action research design. Data was gathered through semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with three cohorts: (a) offenders who had been incarcerated on at least one occasion (n = 20); (b) offenders' families (n = 20); and, (c) service providers working with offenders (n = 20). Data was also gathered through over 40 informal conversations. Data collection occurred over a period of 18 months, with participants recruited by Indigenous researchers and community members. Data Analysis: Interviews were transcribed and analysed by NVivo qualitative data processing software in the first instance. The core research team and community members reviewed this analysis in order to collectively identify major themes and patterns in the perspectives of participants. Conclusion: People in remote Indigenous communities are aware of the complex issues associated with crime in their community and have clear ideas regarding what can be done. We argue that in order to understand and address Indigenous crime and over-representation in the criminal justice system, the perspective of Indigenous people must be elevated and communities empowered to identify and implement ecologically and culturally informed solutions that will work for them.

The chapter titled "The Arts as Refuge: COVID-19, Crisis, and the Heroes Waiting in the Wings" was written by Ryan Daniel. This chapter explains how the COVID-19 pandemic has i destroyed the industry and workforce; institutions have closed, festivals and events have been canceled, and art production has been severely restricted. As a result millions of artists and art workers around the world are currently unemployed, and many are unable to access government support initiatives designed mainly for traditional business models. In relatively stable times, art often struggles to survive financially. However during the current pandemic, this already fragile industry has become much closer to total collapse. It is argued that art has a strong capacity to provide shelter. The author emphasizes that we need artists, art workers and the art industry more than ever.The chapter titled "Pandemics and Migration" was written by Erin M. Sorrell and Elizabeth Ferris. This chapter analyzes the relationship between pandemics and migration. It first examines migration and then reviews the effects of the pandemic on both migrants and host communities. Additionally it also analyzes the policy consequences of the two-way relationship between migration and the pandemic. Of particular importance Particularly for this analysis is that international migrants tend to work in sectors at high risk for the virus-such as the service sector, child and elderly care and work related to the hospitality industry.The chapter titled "Refugee Students during Pandemic time: Key Words for Academic Integration" was written by Anna Fausta Scardigno. The article specifically focuses on the most viii relevant words of the focus group discussion with refugee students at Bari University. The article was looking for an answer to the question: How did refugee students react to the cessation of in-person classroom teaching and to the host university's digital-only learning arrangement and online administrative services?The chapter of this book titled "Migrants and Communication Technologies in Challenging Times; A Double-Edged Sword" was written by Hakan Gülerce and Housein Turner. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the social and psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on refugees. In this study, a literature review and situation analysis method was used to understand the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on refugees. The research mainly examined the impact of mobile phone and internet addiction on the daily living habits of immigrants during the pandemic period, and focused on education difficulties, digital divisions, loneliness, alienation and other psycho-social factors that affect migrants and refugees in particular. Studies show that smartphones are very important for Syrian refugees. Smartphones are used to connect with relatives and loved ones abroad at a much more affordable rate than making a traditional phone call. The unifying power of smartphones allows refugees to connect with each other, share news and memories, and access vital publ...