Surfactin is one of the main lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by different species of Bacillus subtilis. This study aims to analyze the effect of starch‐coated Fe0 and Fe3+ nanoparticles on the biomass and biosurfactant production of Bacillus subtilis. Out of 70 soil samples, 20 Bacillus were isolated and genome sequenced by biochemical methods and 16S rRNA gene. Quantitative and qualitative screening methods were used to isolate and detect biosurfactant production. For the aim of this study, 61 and 63 (Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum) were selected. Then, hemolytic activity, biomass amount, surfactant production, and reduction of surface tension in Minimal Salt Medium containing Fe0 and Fe3+ nanoparticles were examined after 48, 72, and 96 h of culture. Strain 61 was the best bacterium and Fe3+ was the best nanoparticle. The results were compared with the results of non‐nanoparticle bioreactor. The results showed the amount of biomass, surfactin, and surface tension decrease, 72 h after growth in 61 strain containing Fe3+ reached the highest values. Surfactin from strain 61 culture in the Fe3+nanoparticle bioreactor after 72 h of growth showed higher production than the same strain culture after 72 h without Fe3+, if continuing the research, this strain can be commercialized in the future.
Surfactin is one of the most important lipopeptide biosurfactants obtained by biocatalysts of Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this study was to isolate surfactin-producing bacilli from native soils of the country (Iran), investigate their properties, convert surfactin to surfactin micelles, determine the properties of surfactin micelles and investigate the effect of starch-coated Fe 0 and Fe 3+ nanoparticles on the production of surfactin from B. subtilis. To do so, 20 bacilli were isolated from the native soil sample by heat shock method and genome sequenced by SrRNA16 method. The samples with strong β-hemolysis activity were screened as surfactant-producing strains. Two species of 61 and 63 (B. subtilis subspecies. Inaquosorum) were selected and examined by quantitative and qualitative screening tests such as hemolysis activity, surfactin production, droplet aggregation, emulsifying activity, and surface tension reduction in MSM medium containing Fe 0 and Fe 3+ nanoparticles. Surfactin was converted to surfactin micelles by sonication and confirmed by SEM. The antimicrobial and emulsifying activity and surface tension reduction of surfactin micelles were investigated. According to the results, the surface tension reduction of surfactin micelles was greater than that of surfactin. The strain 61 (99.7%) culture in 5 L bioreactors containing Fe 3+ nanoparticles produced more surfactin than culture of the same strain without nanoparticles. This study presents an efficient method to increase the biosynthesis of microbial metabolites.
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