TB infection in this population. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of TB infection in patients with IBD undergoing anti-TNF treatment. METHODS: The data of IBD patients treated with anti-TNFs in 13 tertiary referral hospitals were collected retrospectively. Screening measures for latent TB infection (LTBI) and the incidence and risk factors of active TB infection after treatment with anti-TNFs were identified. RESULTS: Overall, 376 IBD patients treated with anti-TNF agents were recruited (male 255, mean age of anti-TNF therapy 32.5 6 13.0 years); 277 had Crohn's disease, 99 had ulcerative colitis, 294 used infliximab, and 82 used adalimumab. Before anti-TNF treatment, screening tests for LTBI including an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) or a tuberculin skin test (TST) were performed in 82.2% of patients. Thirty patients (8%) had LTBI. Sixteen cases of active TB infection including one TB-related mortality occurred during 801 person-years (PY) follow-up (1997.4 cases per 100,000 PY) after anti-TNF treatment. LTBI (odds ratio (OR) 4.746, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1. 310-17.191, P ¼ 0.018) and WBC count <5000 mm 3 (OR 4.379, 95% CI, 1.481-12.945, P ¼ 0.008) during follow-up were identified as independently associated risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNFs significantly increase the risk of TB infection in Korean patients with IBD. The considerable burden of TB and marked immunosuppression might be attributed to this risk.
Proteomics is a large-scale study of proteins. Several technologies are used to isolate and identify proteins of various spectra, which is useful in differentiating complexity of proteins. Critical role of proteomics can be applied to the field of urology, as a means of noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose patients with benign and malignant nephro-urological diseases. The accuracy of proteomic analysis findings in predicting specific clinical pathologies continues to draw controversy, thus further studies are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Future of diagnosis in urology is expected to be done by proteomic urinalysis.
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