No abstract

BackgroundTh1 cytokines are essential for the control of M. tuberculosis infection. The role of IL-10 in tuberculosis is controversial and there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the relationship between Th1 cytokines and IL-10 is not as antagonistic as it was first believed, and that these cytokines may complement each other in infectious diseases.MethodsThe present study evaluated the activating capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell repertoire in response to antigen stimulation through the expression of CD69 using Flow Cytometry, as well as the functionality of PBMCs by determining the cytokine profile in patients with active tuberculosis and in clinically cured patients after in vitro stimulation using ELISA. Treated patients were subdivided according to time after clinical cure (<12 months or >12 months post-treatment).ResultsWe observed that T cell activation was higher in TB-treated patients, especially CD8+ T cell activation in TB-Treated >1 year. Th1 cytokines were significantly higher in TB-Treated, and the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α increased continuously after clinical cure. Moreover, IL-10 production was significantly higher in cured patients and it was also enhanced in cured patients over time after treatment. Th17, Th2 and Th22 cytokines showed no statistically significant differences between Healthy Donors, Active-TB and TB-Treated.ConclusionsThis study describes a scenario in which potentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and increased Th1 cytokine production are associated with the clinical cure of tuberculosis in the absence of significant changes in Th2 cytokine production and is accompanied by increased production of IL-10. In contrast to other infections with intracellular microorganisms, this response occurs later after the end of treatment.

Improvements in Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) aesthetic treatments have been jeopardized by the simplistic statement: “BoNT-A treats wrinkles”. BoNT-A monotherapy relating to wrinkles is, at least, questionable. The BoNT-A mechanism of action is presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals blockage, causing paralysis and subsequent muscle atrophy. Understanding the real BoNT-A mechanism of action clarifies misconceptions that impact the way scientific productions on the subject are designed, the way aesthetics treatments are proposed, and how limited the results are when the focus is only on wrinkle softening. We designed a systematic review on BoNT-A and muscle atrophy that could enlighten new approaches for aesthetics purposes. A systematic review, targeting articles investigating BoNT-A injection and its correlation to muscle atrophy in animals or humans, filtered 30 publications released before 15 May 2020 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Histologic analysis and histochemistry showed muscle atrophy with fibrosis, necrosis, and an increase in the number of perimysial fat cells in animal and human models; this was also confirmed by imaging studies. A significant muscle balance reduction of 18% to 60% after single or seriated BoNT-A injections were observed in 9 out of 10 animal studies. Genetic alterations related to muscle atrophy were analyzed by five studies and showed how much impact a single BoNT-A injection can cause on a molecular basis. Seriated or single BoNT-A muscle injections can cause real muscle atrophy on a short or long-term basis, in animal models and in humans. Theoretically, muscular architecture reprogramming is a possible new approach in aesthetics.

Na década de 90, a doença de Chagas foi considerada pelo Banco Mundial como a doença parasitária mais importante na América Latina, com impacto socioeconômico consideravelmente maior do que os efeitos combinados de outras infecções parasitárias 6 . A doença, cujo agente etiológico é Trypanosoma cruzi, RESUMOA doença de Chagas é uma importante doença parasitária crônica, que acomete cerca de 9-11 milhões de pessoas na América Latina. Provavelmente, uma combinação de fatores relacionados ao parasito e ao hospedeiro podem ser os responsáveis pela patogênese na fase crônica da doença. Dentre os fatores relacionados ao hospedeiro, a resposta imunológica é um parâmetro de especial interesse. Objetivamos avaliar os níveis plasmáticos das citocinas interferon gama, interleucina 10, fator de necrose tumoral alfa e das imunoglobulinas G total, 3 e 4, por ELISA e do óxido nítrico, pela reação de Griess, entre indivíduos soronegativos e soropositivos para Trypanosoma cruzi, com as formas clínicas cardíaca, indeterminada e digestiva. Os indivíduos soropositivos para Trypanosoma cruzi produziram níveis significativamente mais elevados de imunoglobulinas G total e G3. Indivíduos com a forma digestiva apresentam níveis mais elevados de imunoglobulina G4 e interleucina 10. Entretanto, tais indivíduos apresentaram menores níveis de óxido nítrico do que controles. Os resultados sugerem que os maiores níveis de IL-10 observados nos indivíduos com a forma digestiva poderiam contribuir com os maiores níveis de IgG4 específicos observados. Palavras-chaves: Doença de Chagas. Imunoglobulinas. IFN-. IL-10. TNF-. Óxido nítrico. ABSTRACTChagas disease is an important chronic parasitic disease that affects around 9-11 million people in Latin America. A combination of parasite and host-related factors are probably responsible for pathogenesis in the chronic phase of the disease. Among the host-related factors, the immunological response is a parameter of special interest. Our aim here was to evaluate the plasma levels of the cytokines interferon gamma, interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and the immunoglobulins total IgG and its subclasses 3 and 4, by means of ELISA, and the levels of nitric oxide by means of the Griess reaction, among individuals who were seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi, presenting the cardiac, indeterminate and digestive clinical forms of the disease, and among seronegative individuals. The seropositive individuals produced significantly higher levels of total IgG and IgG-3. Individuals with the digestive form presented higher levels of IgG-4 and interleukin 10. However, these individuals presented lower levels of nitric oxide than the controls did. The results suggest that the higher levels of interleukin 10 observed among individuals with the digestive form may contribute towards the higher levels of the specific IgG-4 that were seen. . A prevalência global da doença foi reduzida de 16-18 milhões de indivíduos infectados na década de 90 para aproximadamente 9 milhões e pode diminuir ainda mais devido às al...

Perda de definição do contorno do submento: correto diagnóstico e algoritmo de tratamento Loss of definition of the submental contouring: correct diagnosis and treatment algorithm RESUMOA busca por procedimentos estéticos voltados para a perda de definição do submento é crescente. Um correto diagnóstico é imperativo para o sucesso do tratamento e redução das complicações. Adiposidade localizada, flacidez cutânea e perda da estrutura óssea são os principais achados. Um algoritmo de tratamento foi discutido nesta revisão, lembrando-se, claro, da possibilidade de tratamentos combinados e sequenciais para melhores resultados.

No abstract

Vertical abdominoplasty for treatment of excess abdominal skin after massive weight loss Vertical abdominoplasty for treatment of excess abdominal skin after massive weight loss Abdominoplastia vertical para tratamento do excesso de pele abdominal após perdas ponderais maciças ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgeries are becoming increasingly common in the treatment of morbidly obese patients. The enormous weight loss resulting from these procedures causes excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue throughout the body, especially in the abdominal region. The objective of this study was to present the technique of vertical abdominoplasty as an alternative for resection of excess skin in ex-obese patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of 40 patients who underwent vertical abdominoplasty between 2004 and 2009. The degree of patient satisfaction was assessed through a subjective scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 10. Results: Twenty-five percent of the patients had minor complications (3 seromas, 3 minor dehiscences, and 5 hypertrophic scars), which were all treated on an outpatient basis. Sixty-seven percent of the patients reported high satisfaction and considered their results as good (grades 7 or 8) or excellent (grades 9 or 10). Conclusions: The vertical abdominoplasty technique appears to be a new option for the treatment of excess abdominal skin in ex-obese patients.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an aesthetic treatment protocol for the glutes through the combination of poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) and body hyaluronic acid (HA). Patients and methods Six female patients who aimed for glutaeal harmonisation were evaluated. Patients were treated with the combined protocol of Rennova Elleva® (poly‐L‐lactic acid) and Rennova Body Shape® (HA). The results were evaluated through quantitative and ultrasonographic analyses. Results The results showed that after 45–90 days after treatment there was an increase in the glutaeal region of the treated patients. The improvement in glutaeal harmonisation was demonstrated through qualitative comparisons and analyses. Conclusion Clinical evidence from these six cases suggests that the combined use of PLLA (Rennova Elleva®) and HA (Rennova Body Shape®) offers an excellent balance between efficacy and safety, with excellent aesthetic results.