The group participates in the Academic Biomedical Centre, which unifies the strong expertise in life science and biomolecular research at UU in the fields of (veterinary) medicine, pharmacy, biology and chemistry. The UU has denoted drug innovation as one of its major focus areas.The Biomedical Analysis Group designs and applies novel analytical methodologies for pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes. Requirements in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and clinical fields are starting points for our research strategy, which is directed towards the investigation of innovative analytical concepts with particular attention on sample pretreatment, separation and detection using state-ofthe-art instrumentation. The group's research focuses on advanced separation techniques and their combination with MS. Special emphasis is put on capillary electromigration techniques and nano-LC. The group explores the wide potential of CE for achieving new or improved possibilities for drug and biomolecular analysis. CE is a microscale technique providing fast and efficient separations and requiring only very small amounts of sample and solvents. The mechanism of CE offers unique selectivity and separation performance. CE is also particularly useful for highly polar compounds that may not be easily covered by other separation techniques. The potential of monolithic materials for nano-LC to accomplish fast and efficient separations for peptides and proteins is another research theme.The group's research started in 1995 at the University Centre for Pharmacy in Groningen, The Netherlands, with the development of new methods for drug-impurity profiling based on CE. The efforts quickly expanded to the ana lysis of new protein therapeutics and DNA (genotyping).
Key WordsGas chromatography -mass spectrometry Solid-phase extraction-thermal desorption Prog ra m m ed-te m pe rat u re va po rise r Lidocaine and diazepam in urine
SummarySolid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with thermal clesorption (TD) and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis to determine drugs in urine. The extraction was performed inside a fritted GC liner using about 5 mg TENAX that was inserted into the liner on top of the frit. After extraction, the hner was placed into the injector of the GC and the analytes were thermally clesorbed by using a programmed-temperature vaporiser. Several sorbent materials were investigated for the applicability of SPETD-GC analysis. TENAX proved to be the most suitable sorbent, since hardly any interferences were observed and acceptable absolute recoveries (73 and 74%) were obtained for liclocaine and cliazepam. A mass selective detector (MSD) in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed detection of hclocaine and cliazepam clown to 0.5 ng 9 mL 1 using 50 I~L urine. The use of only5 mg of extraction material allowed rapid extraction, while a 10 m GC column provided a fast chromatographic system. As a result, the total analysis time was less than 20 min, including 5 min for drying the TENAX and 5 min for thermal clesorption. Thus, SPETD-GC-MS appears to be a powerful tool for the rapid analysis of biological samples.
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