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The interaction of native calf thymus DNA with the Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 5-triethyl ammonium methyl salicylidene ortophenylendiimine (ZnL 2+ and CuL 2+ ), in 1 mM Tris-HCl aqueous solutions at neutral pH, has been monitored as a function of the metal complex-DNA molar ratio by UV absorption spectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results support for an intercalative interaction of both ZnL 2+ and CuL 2+ with DNA, showing CuL 2+ an affinity of approximately 10 times higher than ZnL 2+ . In particular, the values of the binding constant, determined by UV spectrophotometric titration, equal to 7.3 · 10 4 and 1.3 · 10 6 M À1 , for ZnL 2+ and CuL 2+ , respectively, indicate the occurrence of a marked interaction with a binding size of about 0.7 in base pairs. The temperature dependence of the absorbance at 258 nm suggests that both complexes strongly increase the DNA melting temperature (Tm) already at metal complex-DNA molar ratios equal to 0.1. As evidenced by the quenching of the fluorescence of ethidium bromide-DNA solutions in the presence of increasing amounts of metal complex, ZnL 2+ and CuL 2+ are able to displace the ethidium cation intercalated into DNA. A tight ZnL 2+ -DNA and CuL 2+ -DNA binding has been also proven by the appearance, in both metal complex-DNA solutions, of a broad induced CD band in the range 350-450 nm. In the case of the CuL 2+ -DNA system, the shape of the CD spectrum, at high CuL 2+ content, is similar to that observed for w-DNA solutions. Such result allowed us to hypothesize that CuL 2+ induces the formation of supramolecular aggregates of DNA in aqueous solutions.

DFT calculations, using an all-electron basis set and with full geometry optimization, were performed on 34 Sn(II) and Sn(IV) compounds of known structure and (119)Sn Mössbauer parameters, to obtain the theoretical values of the electric field gradient components, V(xx), V(yy), and V(zz), at the tin nucleus. These were used to determine the quantity V = V(zz)[1+ 1/3((V(xx) - V(yy))/((V(zz))(2)](1/2), for each investigated compound, which is related to the quadrupole splitting (DeltaE) parameter according to DeltaE = 1/2eQV, where e is the electronic charge and Q is the quadrupole moment of the tin nucleus. The linear fitting of the correlation plot of the experimental DeltaE, versus the corresponding calculated V values, produced a slope that is equal to 0.93 +/- 0.03 and a correlation coefficient R = 0.982. The value of Q obtained, 15.2 +/- 4.4 fm(2), is in agreement with that previously experimentally determined or calculated by analogous procedures. The calculation method is able to establish the sign of the electric field gradient component V(zz), in agreement with the sign of DeltaE determined experimentally by Mössbauer-Zeeman spectroscopy. The calculated structural parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, determined by X-ray crystallography in the solid state, with average structural deviations of about 3 % for bond lengths and angles in the tin environment. Calculated values of DeltaE were obtained from the calibration fitting constant and from the values of V. By comparing experimental and calculated DeltaE parameters, the structure assignment of configurational isomers was successful in two test cases, in agreement with the experimental X-ray crystallographic structures. These results indicate that the method can be used as a tool to support the routine structure interpretation of tin compounds by (119)Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy.

The interaction between native calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and

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The complexes formed between the diorganotin(IV) moieties, R2Sn(IV), and the ligand 2‐mercaptopyrimidine, (H)SPym, were investigated. Complexes R2SnHal(SPym) and R2Sn(SPym)2 [R = Me, iPr, nBu, iBu, tBu, cyclohexyl(Cy), Ph] were synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis. In the solid state, chelation of SPym through S and N donors was established by IR spectroscopy, and the nature of the environment of tin centers was investigated by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. From the dynamics of 119Sn nuclei determined by variable‐temperature measurements on representative compounds [Me2SnCl(SPym) and Cy2SnBr(SPym)], as well as by point‐charge model treatment of nuclear quadrupole splitting parameters, it was inferred that Me2SnCl‐­(SPym) may assume a trans‐Me2 octahedral coordination geometry around tin in a monodimensional polymer, or a monomeric trigonal‐bipyramidal structure (distorted). The latter type of structure was assigned to the other R2SnHal(SPym) species, while R2Sn(SPym)2 complexes assume a trans‐octahedral, or skew trapezoidal, tin environment. In CHCl3–CDCl3 solutions, monomeric species occur (according to vapor‐pressure osmometry), where 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic parameters of SPym indicate the persistence of Sn chelation by S and N donor atoms. The Me2SnCl(SPym) species assume trigonal‐bipyramidal structures with a chelating SPym ligand, in CDCl3 and C2H5OH solutions, according to the coupling constants 1J(119Sn,13C), as well as IR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic data. 119Sn NMR parameters fully correspond with data for the homologous complexes with 2‐mercaptopyridine. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The bonding and structure in the environments of tin atoms in organotin-biological molecules has been investigated by 'I9Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy, mainly through the rationalization of the nuclear quadrupole splitting parameter by pointcharge model approaches.Organotin moieties R2SnIV and R,Sn'" (R =Me, nBu, Ph) generally assume trigonal-bipyramidal type configurations in membranes of human erythrocytes, when incubated with whole erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts at the level of micromolar (pmol dm-j) organotin per mg of membrane protein. Corresponding structures are assumed by Me,SnIv and Me,SnIv in the cytoplasm. Ethanolic Me2SnC1, yielded distorted trans-octahedral species when reacted with ghost cells. These configurations may in principle originate through coordination of the metal by donor nitrogen or oxygen atoms from the cell constituents, such as protein side chains and related component molecules, carbohydrate fragments, and phospholipids, according to data from various model systems. Hydrolyzed species, such as bis(ch1orodiorganotin) oxides and triorganotin hydroxides, could also occur for the n-butyltin and phenyltin species.The moieties Me2SntV and Alk3SnIV (Alk = Me, Et, nBu), present as the hydrolysis products Me2Sn(OH)2 and Alk,SnOH at physiological pH in the aqueous phase (eventually coordinated by donor atoms from buffers), react with thiol groups of model molecules, as well as of feline and rat hemoglobin, forming tetrahedral or trigonalbipyramidal tin sites characterized by covalent Sn-S bonds (C2SnS, C2SnS, and C3SnS skeletons); tin atoms are eventually further coordinated by nitrogen donors from amino acid fragments or from buffers, as well as by hydroxyl oxygen.