It has been suggested that magnesium plays a central role in different etiopathogenetic conditions involved in the onset of migraine. We measured, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, serum and salivary magnesium levels in drug-free migraine patients with and without aura and in tension-type headache patients. Migraine sufferers with and without aura and tension-type headache had significantly lower levels of serum and salivary magnesium concentrations in the interical periods than a group of healthy young individuals. Serum magnesium levels tended to be further reduced during attacks in all patient groups studied. A statistically significant decrease in salivary magnesium levels was evident only for migraine patients with aura. Serum magnesium levels and to a lesser extent salivary magnesium levels might express indirectly the lowering of brain extracellular magnesium concentration which occurs in migraine patients both in the intererictal periods and ictally.
In the last few years a fundamental role for magnesium in establishing the threshold for migraine attacks and involvement in the pathophysiologic mechanisms related to its onset has become evident. We measured serum and salivary magnesium levels in juvenile migraine patients (with and without aura) and in a group of healthy young individuals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Migraineurs were studied in migraine-free (interictal) periods and during attacks. In comparison with normal subjects, migraine patients had lower levels of serum and salivary magnesium interictally. Serum magnesium levels tended to be further reduced during attacks. With respect to the values of interictal periods we observed a reduction, not statistically significant, of salivary magnesium levels for both migraine groups. Serum, and to a lesser extent salivary magnesium level reduction, could be an expression, at the peripheral level, of reduced cerebral magnesium levels which would contribute, at least in part, to defining the threshold for migraine attacks.
SYNOPSISThe toxic polyneuropathy observed in a group of shoe-industry workers in Italy was clinically characterised by a symmetrical prevalently distal motor deficit, with occasional marked weakness of pelvic girdle muscles, and frequently by only subjective sensory symptoms; non-specific disturbances usually preceded neurological signs. Widely distributed in many regions of Italy is an occupational toxic polyneuropathy which is commonest among workers in the shoe industry but also affects manufacturers of bags, suit-cases, and raincoats. All of these processes involve the use of rubberpaste adhesives and organic solvents. This type of polyneuropathy closely resembles the n-hexane polyneuropathy described among manufacturers of sandals in Japan (Sobue et al., 1968;Yamamura, 1969) and in workers in other occupations (Yamada, 1964(Yamada, , 1967Herskowitz et al., 1971), and in gluesniffers (Matsumura et al., 1972;Takenaka et al., 1972;Goto et al., 1974;Shirabe et al., 1974;Korobkin et al., 1975;Towfighi et al., 1976). The purpose of this paper is to report clinical, electromyographical, and laboratory findings in 122 subjects affected by this toxic polyneuropathy. The aetiology is more extensively discussed in another paper (Abbritti et al., 1976
Background Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a constellation of diffuse, “irritative” symptoms predominantly involving the eyes and the respiratory tract. To date, the effects of working in a “sick building” have not been adequately assessed using objective measures. We undertook the present study to determine whether objective alterations could be found in the eyes and respiratory tracts of employees working in an office building in which a high rate of SBS had been reported in the preceding year. Methods We studied 163 office workers: 87 workers from a modern, air‐conditioned building (the sick building), and 76 employees employed in three traditional‐style office buildings (the comparison buildings). After being surveyed for SBS symptoms, all subjects underwent a series of objective tests, including spirometry, a methacholine test, prick tests for aeroallergens, and submitted tear samples. In addition, Schirmer's test and the break‐up time test were used to explore for potential ocular effects of sick building exposure. Results Employees in the sick building complained more frequently of ocular symptoms, upper‐airway disturbances, and general and respiratory symptoms than did employees in the comparison buildings; prick tests were positive in 20% and 17.4%, respectively. Groups did not differ significantly on spirometry measures. Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine (PD15 = 16.348 μmol) was present in 20.5% of the sick building workers and in 16.2% of comparison buildings workers. Methacholine dose‐response slope values were similar. Stability of tear film was significantly reduced (P< 0.01) in the employees in the sick building compared with employees in the comparison buildings. Conclusions Our results indicate that (1) atopy does not seem to influence the prevalence of SBS symptoms, and (2) the lower respiratory tract seems unaffected by exposure to a “sick building,” but (3) alterations in tear film stability do exist after such exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:79–88, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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