Summary
It is believed that fossil fuel sources are exhaustible and also the major cause of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it is required to increase the portion of renewable energy sources in supplying the primary energy of the world. In this study, it is focused on application of nanotechnology in exploitation of renewable energy sources and the related technologies such as hydrogen production, solar cell, geothermal, and biofuel. Here, nanotechnologies influence on providing an alternative energy sources, which are environmentally benign, are comprehensively discussed and reviewed. Based on the literature, employing nanotechnology enhances the heat transfer rate in photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems and modifies PV structures, which can improve its performance, making fuel cells much cost‐effective and improving the performance of biofuel industry through utilization of nanocatalysts, manufacturing materials with high durability and lower weight for wind energy industry.
Computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) has been widely used in both
scientific studies and industrial applications of reactor-scale biomass
pyrolysis. In this Perspective, the state-of-the-art progress in CFD
modeling of reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis was summarized and discussed.
First, because of the importance of biomass pyrolysis reaction kinetics
to the predictability of CFD, the commonly used pyrolysis reaction
kinetics in CFD modeling of reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis were reviewed.
The characteristics of each reaction kinetics were described. Then,
the theoretical basis and practical applications of three main CFD
modeling approaches, i.e., porous media model, multifluid model, and
discrete particle model for simulating reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis
were presented. The activities and progresses with respect to each
CFD modeling approach for reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis were reviewed.
Aspects such as experimental validation, modeling speed, and capability
were discussed. Finally, the paper was concluded with comments on
future directions in CFD modeling of reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis.
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