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-The objective of this work was to analyze the interrelations among weights and carcass measures of the longissimus lumborum muscle thickness and area, and of sternum tissue thickness, measured directly on carcass and by ultrasound scan. Measures were taken on live animals and after slaughter to develop models of multiple linear regression, to estimate the composition of shoulder blade, from selected variables in 89 kids of both genders and five breed groups, raised in feedlot system. The variables considered relevant and not redundant on the information they carry, for the common factor analysis, were used in the carcass composition estimate development models. The presuppositions of linear regression models relative to residues were evaluated, the estimated residues were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Student t test. Based in these results, the group of 32 initial variables could be reduced to four variables: hot carcass weight, rump perimeter, leg length and tissue height at the fourth sternum bone. The analysis of common factors was shown as an effective technique to study the interrelations among the independent variables. The measures of carcass dimension, alone, did not add any information to hot carcass weight. The carcass muscle weight can be estimated with high precision from simple models, without the need for information related to gender and breed, and they could be built based on carcass weight, which makes it easy to be applied. The fat and bones estimate models were not as accurate.

Bos taurus indicus temperament is variable and affects beef tenderization. Our objective was to investigate temperament and performance of non-castrated Nellore and identify groups based on Longissimus lumborum (LL) pH decline as well as beef characteristics produced by those groups. We investigated 94 animals with a subset of carcasses (n = 24) selected based on LL pH at 24 h postmortem (pm) to represent two groups: resistant to pH decline (> 5.8 called pH-Res; n = 10) and normal (< 5.7 called pH-Nor; n = 14). Steaks were fabricated from the LL muscle and randomly assigned to aging (2, 7, 14, and 21 days). Sarcomere length, cooking loss, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were determined.Data on temperament were investigated in a multivariate approach, while beef data were compared between groups using the analysis of variance. Rectal temperature at the beginning of the finishing phase and total weight gain were greater and related to animals in the pH-Res group (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Temperature and pH decline curves, sarcomere length, and cooking loss revealed that pH-Res produced beef with lower quality compared to the pH-Nor group. Results for MFI and WBSF did not show differences between groups within each time pm; however, overall steaks from pH-Res were tougher (p = 0.06). Incidence of LL pH between 5.8 and 5.9 at 24 h pm did not compromise the tenderization rate or extension; however, it affected the water holding capacity in this population of Nellore cattle.

SUMMARY Meat tenderness is a major attribute for consumers worldwide. However, few studies investigate the importance of lamb meat tenderness for Brazilian consumers. This study assessed consumers’ evaluation of lamb meat with high shear forces. Eight lambs were slaughtered at 32.5±2.5kg of live weight and 5 to 6 months of age. The Longissimus dorsi muscle from both half carcasses was randomly assigned to four different postmortem processes: Tough Meat (TM), obtained by cold shortening, Fresh Meat (FM), Aging for 3 (A3) and 7 (A7) days postmortem . The variables measured were the sarcomere length, shear force (WBSF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index. We also applied the sensory analysis using affective acceptance tests with hedonic scale of nine points to measure texture, juiciness and overall quality of the meat. The postmortem processing for TM resulted in shorter sarcomere and greater shear values (p <0.05) compared to all other samples, while FM, A3 and A7, did not differ between the samples. Myofibrillar fragmentation was greater for A7 compared to TM (p <0.05), while FM and A3 showed intermediate values that did not differ between the treatments. In the sensory analysis, TM samples received significantly lower scores (p <0.01) for all attributes compared to other treatments and the attributes were not different between the post rigor processes. Consumers identified and evaluated negatively the meat samples with high WBSF. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of smaller differences in WBSF, at intermediate values, on consumers’ evaluation.

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Implications of pregnant sheep nutrition on progeny's myofibers and blood parameters The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of different energy levels, as well as different energy sources in the diet of the ewes during pregnancy and its impact on growth and metabolism of lambs. Seventy-two ewes were used and randomly distributed in 5 different experimental treatments: diet (CTL) with 100% of the energy recommended by the NRC (2007), low energy (LE) diet with 90% of the recommended energy, or even high energy diets (HE) with 110% of the recommended energy level. HE diets were composed of three different energy sources: starch (ST), starch with chromium propionate (STCR) ou starch with fat protected (STFP). These diets were applied at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy, and during lactation. The impact of the plane of ewe nutrition on progeny, weight was evaluated from birth at 60 days, and blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters and blood count of these lambs (males and females) at 60 days of age in the first stage (infant stage) of the work. In the second stage (ruminant stage), male lambs were weaned at 90 ± 15 days and placed in a feedlot, where they remained for 60 days receiving the same diet. The lambs' weight was evaluated every 14 days, and blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters and blood count before slaughter. After slaughter, carcass parameters and meat quality were evaluated. As a result of the infant stage, lambs from ewes diet HE, regardless of the source, were heavier and had greater weight gain (P < 0.05). Lambs from a single gestation stood out in terms of weight and weight gain (P < 0.05), as well as having a higher blood concentration of creatinine, protein, albumin and globulin than twin lambs, regardless of maternal nutrition (P < 0.05). Lambs from ST diet, stood out in terms of creatinine concentration (P < 0.05), which is used as an indicator of muscle mass accumulation. In the ruminant stage in feedlot, lambs from ewe diet ST and a twin pregnancy showed a higher concentration of glucose (P < 0.05), whereas those coming from the LE maternal diet showed a higher concentration of urea (P < 0.05). The initial and final weight in the feedlot, as well as the weight of the hot and cold carcass, were higher for lambs from STCR and STFP maternal diets and those from a single gestation (P < 0.05). The dressing was higher for lambs from CTL maternal diet (P < 0.05). With the exception of thaw losses, which was lower for lambs from LE diet, and cooking losses, which was higher for lambs from a ewe diet STFP (P < 0.05), no meat quality parameters were affected. The results show the impact of changes in nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, on production and physiological parameters associated with progeny health. Alternative sources of energy or supplements in a high energy maternal diet, such as chromium, have the potential to improve production.

Sixty goats (20 Alpine, 18 Anglo-Nubian, and 22 crossbred Boer), with average body weight 49.33 ± 1.41 kg, were raised on Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã pasture with two different levels of concentrate supplementation, 300 (SL30) and 600 g kg -1 (SL60) of the daily requirements, and evaluated from the pre-mating season until an average of 110 days of lactation. Milk controls were performed every 14 days. The following milk production curve parameters were estimated: time to reach peak milk production (TP), peak milk production (PP) and milk production during the first 110 days of lactation (MP). The following milk components were determined: fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS), defatted dry extract (DDE), urea nitrogen (UN) concentrations, and somatic cell count (SCC). Goat prolificacy and birth weight of the kids were also determined. Breed affected the lactation curve, with Alpine and AngloNubian goats presenting higher TP, PP, and MP. Protein, TS, and DDE concentrations were also affected by breed, being higher for crossbred Boer goats. Milk fat, lactose concentrations, and the log of SCC were affected by the concentrate supplementation level, being higher for SL30, as well as by the breed, with crossbred Boer goats presenting higher fat concentrations and log of SCC, and crossbred Boer and Alpine goats presenting higher lactose concentrations. UN was affected by the stage of lactation. Prolificacy and birth weight were affected by breed and concentrate supplementation level, being higher for Anglo-Nubian and crossbred Boer goats with SL60. Kids from single births presented higher birth weights. The Anglo-Nubian breed presented good milk production and the best body condition, which might indicate the effectiveness of this production system, SL60 supplementation resulted in higher birth weight and prolificacy. Key words: Goats. Milk composition. Birth weight. Milk production. Prolificacy. ResumoForam utilizadas 60 cabras (20 Alpina, 18 Anglo-Nubiana e 22 mestiças Boer), com peso corporal médio de 49,33±1,41kg, mantidas em pastagem com Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã e suplementadas com dois níveis de concentrado: 300 (NS30) e 600 g kg -1 (NS60) das exigências diárias, avaliadas desde a pré-estação de monta, até, em média 110 dias de lactação. O controle leiteiro foi realizado a cada 14 dias, estimando-se as características da curva de produção: tempo para atingir o pico (TP), produção no pico (PP) e produção de leite até 110 dias de lactação (PL); os constituintes: gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais (ST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), nitrogênio ureico (NU) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS); além da prolificidade das cabras e o peso ao nascer dos cabritos. O grupo racial influenciou a curva de lactação, sendo que as Alpinas e Anglo-Nubianas apresentaram maior TP, PP e PL. Os teores de proteína, ST e ESD foram influenciados pelo grupo racial, tendo as mestiças Boer apresentado maiores teores. Os teores de gordura, lactose e o log da CCS foram influenciados pelo tratamento, sendo o NS30 ...

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