A eficiência do sistema de rotação de cultura requer, entre outros tratamentos, a escolha adequada das espécies a serem instaladas. Culturas vegetais podem apresentar compostos aleloquímicos, os quais são liberados por meio de pelos radiculares, sementes, raízes, colmos e folhas, em quantidades variáveis, capazes de interferir nas culturas subsequentes, comprometendo a produção. Assim, este estudo analisou o potencial alelopático de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) (AP), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) (NF), ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) (ER), azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (AZ) e consórcio (CO-AP+ER+NF) na germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de soja. O experimento foi em laboratório, com substrato de areia, onde foram cultivadas plantas de cobertura, por 30 dias, mantendo os restos radiculares das plantas com e sem restos de parte aérea. Observou-se redução na emergência de plântulas de soja sob CO, AZ e AP. O índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), a porcentagem de emergência em areia (EA) e a massa fresca de hipocótilo (MFH) foram afetados negativamente pelas plantas de cobertura. Palavras-chave: rotação de cultura, culturas de inverno, alelopatia. ABSTRACT. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seed germination and plantlet growth under vegetation cover. In order to be efficient, the crop rotation system requires, among other factors, an adequate choice of species to be installed. Vegetal cultures can feature allelochemical compounds, released by root hairs, roots, stems and leaves in variable amounts, which are able to interfere on subsequent cultures, as well as cause a delay in their production. Thus, this study analyzed the allelopathic potential of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (BO), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.) (FT), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (V), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (RG) and consortium (CO-BO+V+FT) on soybean seed germination and plantlet growth. This trial was carried out in a laboratory, with sand substrate, where coverage plants were grown, during 30 days. The remaining root portions of plants were kept with and without the remaining aerial part portions. A reduction was observed on the emergence of soybean plantlets under CO, RG and BO. The emergence speed index (ESI), emergence percentage on sand (ES) and the green mass of hypocotyls (GMH) were negatively affected by coverage plants, and due to this, another study is essential to verify whether there is an indication of the allelopathic effect.
R ESU M OO estudo de fontes alternativas de energia ao óleo diesel mineral, como o biodiesel, com origem renovável, é importante para o meio-ambiente e diversificação da matriz energética. Neste estudo foram levantados o consumo específico de combustível, o valor calórico do combustível e a eficiência do conjunto motor gerador da marca BRANCO em função de cargas resistivas, sob as seguintes proporções volumétricas entre o óleo diesel mineral com biodiesel: 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60) e 100% de biodiesel (B100). Para o ensaio utilizou-se motor de 7,36 kW, com gerador elétrico acoplado de 5,5 kW. As cargas utilizadas, 0,5 kW; 1,0 kW; 1,5 kW e 2,0 kW foram elevadas até 5,0 kW, oriundas de um dinamômetro de cargas resistentes. Assim, o desempenho do conjunto para cargas abaixo de 1,5 kW mostrou-se menor, pelo maior consumo específico de combustível (CEC), e redução na eficiência do conjunto motor gerador para a faixa de potência. Para as proporções de biodiesel B40, B60 e B100 os resultados descreveram redução no valor calórico e aumento do CEC. Portanto, realizando comparação das proporções de biodiesel com o óleo diesel, a proporção B20 substitui parcialmente o óleo diesel, sem perdas significativas do desempenho do motor gerador. Palavras-chave: consumo específico de combustível, valor calórico, eficiência do conjunto motor geradorEngine-generator diesel cycle under five proportions of biodiesel and diesel A B ST R A C T The study of mineral diesel alternatives, such as biodiesel, a renewable fuel, is important for the environment and to diversify energy sources. This study evaluated an engine-generator BRANCO brand. Specific fuel consumption, calorific value and the overall efficiency as a function of the system load was measured, using diesel oil and biodiesel blends. The biodiesel proportions in the composition were 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100). The engine that was used during the test has a power of 7.36 kW, and the electric generator was 5.5 kW. The group was submitted to resistive loading, in the range: 0.5 kW, 1.0 kW, 1.5 kW; growing up to 5.0 kW. The results have shown that, when operating at lower loads (less than 1.5 kW), the engine-generator performance decreased, while the specific consumption increased, leading to an efficiency reduction. The biodiesel proportions B40, B60 and B100 described reduction in caloric value and increased the specific fuel consumption. Therefore, comparing the proportions of biodiesel with diesel oil, the proportion B20 replaced diesel oil without significant losses in engine-generator performance.
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