The Human Immunodeficiency Virus-HIV emerged in the 1980s in Brazil, and has since been considered a public health problem and is still stigmatized by society today. It is an infection that can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced picture of the disease. The latest data collected by the Ministry of Health report that virus infection has decreased over the years, and unlike what is thought, most of the infected have declared themselves heterosexual. The risk of occupational exposure, although minimal, in view of the strict adoption of biosafety standards, there are still professionals who refuse to perform dental treatment in the seropositive patient. While the disease settles in the body, it affects the immune system, causing immunosuppression, in view of this occurs the first signs and symptoms of the disease, such as oral manifestations. The objective of this work is to clarify through a literature review the aspects that still contribute to the stigmatization of people living with HIV in the search for dental care, such as emphasizing the relevance of the dentist in identifying the main lesions of the oral cavity. In this context, it can be concluded that although the stigmas still prevail around this disease, the dentist should perform care within the same precepts of biosafety for any patient and have sufficient theoretical basis to recognize the changes in the oral environment and the appropriate treatment for this public.
Rice and bean constitute the basic diet in underdeveloped countries. In Brazil, the acquisition per capita of these aliments is around 182.9 g/day (beans) and 160.3 g/day (rice). In the present work were evaluated the pesticide residue contamination on these aliments, and possible risks for the consumer health. Pesticide residues were evaluated in 364 bean samples and 143 rice samples commercialized in Sao Paulo City (BRAZIL). A multi-residue method (DFG S19) was employed with gas and liquid chromatography identification and quantification. Dietary intake estimation was processed using the Acute Dietary Ingestion (ADI) based on national data regarding food consumption. Residues of pesticides that, according to the Brazilian legislation, are not allowed for this culture were detected respectively in 4.5% and 3.6% of the bean and rice samples. However, none of the samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum Residue Level (MRL). The European Union (EU) database showed that 7.3% of the bean sample and 85.7% of rice presented pesticide residues above the MRL. The toxicological parameter used for assessing the risk of contamination (ADI <100%) was not exceeded in none of the commodities. The results do not pose a hazard for the consumer’s health. Nevertheless, the presence of multiple residues indicates that continuous studies and monitoring of these commodities are required.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verifi car a mineralização e a sorção do fungicida fl uopicolida em Neossolo e Latossolo de áreas preservadas e áreas de uso agrícola, visando comparar e identifi car se há alteração no comportamento do agrotóxico em diferentes solos e áreas. Para todas as amostras de solo, as taxas de mineralização foram < 20 %, sendo que para o Neossolo houve melhor mineralização na área preservada em relação a sua respectiva área agrícola. Esse comportamento não foi observado para o Latossolo, pois as duas áreas apresentaram comportamento de mineralização similar. Os resultados do coefi ciente de adsorção demonstraram média e baixa adsorção para Latossolo e Neossolo, respectivamente, independente da área coletada e as isotermas de sorção do composto revelaram-se bem ajustadas ao modelo de Freundlich, com valores de 1/n em torno de 0,9. Baseado nesses resultados pode-se considerar o fl uopicolida como fungicida de mineralização lenta e de média mobilidade em Neossolo e Latossolo em áreas preservadas e agrícolas. Concluiu-se que o fl uopicolida não exerce efeito adverso em áreas nas quais há constante manejo agrícola em razão de seu comportamento similar em área preservada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: FUNGICIDA; MINERALIZAÇÃO; SORÇÃO; SOLOS; FLUOPICOLIDA.
Chilean boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) is the boldo species more consumed around the world. The digestive and hepatobiliary disorders represent the main targets of its action. Part of the pharmacological properties of this herb is associated with the chemical composition of its essential oil. On the other hand, some toxic compounds can also be found in this fraction (e.g.: ascaridole). The Artemia salina bioassay is an in vivo test often employed to evaluate the toxicity of foods and its constituents, since it is considered fast, very low cost, simple and sensitive. Additionally, when this micro crustacean is affected by the toxicity of some substance, a similar dose of this substance often affects que human being. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the essential oils of Chilean boldo commercial samples that were sold packed on sachets (group 1: six samples) or plastic bags (group 2: four samples). This toxicological evaluation was carried out determining the lethal dose (LD 50) of these essential oils by the Artemia salina bioassay. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation (2 hours). Six methanol solutions of each essential oil were produced (5, 10, 30, 60, 100 and 150 ppm) and tested against Artemia salina. The mean LD 50 of the total samples tested was calculated as (32.59 ± 19.00) ppm, with the minimum value being 16.75 ppm (sachet sample) and the maximum one being 82.96 ppm (plastic bag sample). All these LD 50 values were below 200 ppm, indicating the highly cytotoxicity potential of all these essential oils. It could encourage, for instance, future studies to verify and test the antitumor activity of these essential oils. The mean LD 50 value of the first group [(26.20 ± 5,59) ppm] (sachets) was not statistically different (p>0.05) from that stablished for the second group (42.18 ± 28.75) ppm (plastic bags).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.