The fractionation of AEEm provided a more potent anti-inflammatory fraction containing flavonoids (Fr20) that reduces the migration of neutrophils and LTB4 release, probably contributing to its mechanism of action.

The increased life expectancy of the population has led to increasing incidences of cancer, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus the continuous search for new drugs is necessary because ineffectiveness and adverse effects have been described for standard drugs. Essential oils are important sources of bioactive metabolites and several clinical trials have been developed using them. The Pterodon genus has been used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatic disorders, thus this work investigated the properties of essential oil from Pterodon polygalaeflorus fruits (EsOPpg) on acute inflammation and lymphocyte activation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its components were identified by GC/MS. The anti-inflammatory response was assessed using the air pouch model. Antinociceptive potential was evaluated using the writhing model. Lymphocyte phenotyping, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. EsOPpg promoted a reduction in leukocyte counts and protein concentration in the exudate, and reduced vasodilatation and inflammatory cell infiltrate in air pouch tissue. No antinociceptive effect was demonstrated for the doses tested. EsOPpg inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in these cells. EsOPpg downregulated both the total number of CD8(+) T cells and the activated subpopulation (CD8(+)CD69(+)), while promoting upregulation of the total number of CD19(+) and CD19(+)CD69(+) B cells. In conclusion, Pterodon polygalaeflorus essential oil diminished the acute inflammatory response and inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, reducing neutrophil recruitment into the cavity and air pouch tissue and promoting distinct modulations of the activation level of each lymphocyte subpopulation.

HCE5 presented anti-arthritic potential and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α, which participate directly in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis.

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A Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth.) Mich., é uma planta de hábitos aquáticos, popularmente conhecido no Brasil como “chapéu de couro”, sendo utilizada no tratamento do reumatismo e outras afecções, comodiurético e antissifilítico.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antinociceptivo do óleo essencial de Echinodorus macrophyllus (OEEm), obtido através da hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger modificado. A análise de seu perfil cromatográfico por cromatografia com fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) possibilitou a identificação de 21 componentes, sendo três majoritários (dilapiol, 2-tridecanona e óxido de cariofileno). Para a avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva do OEEm foi empregado o modelo de hiperalgesia induzido por injeção intraperitoneal (i.p.) de ácido acético. Camundongos Swiss Webster (SW) machos, que foram tratados com OEEm, por via oral (v.o.) nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg apresentaram inibição significativa das contorções induzidas por ácido acético de 65% e 59%, respectivamente, em relação ao grupo controle. Esta atividade possivelmente está relacionada à inibição de receptores específicos da nocicepção, promovendo assim, a analgesia.