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The majority of patients with GBC in India have advanced unresectable disease. Detection of GBC at an early stage is incidental and rare but is associated with long-term survival. Radical surgery, when feasible, is the only option for achieving long-term survival.

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TAE of hepatic cavernous hemangioma is a useful procedure in the therapy of symptomatic hemangiomas.

ObjectiveThe results of proximal splenorenal shunts done in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction were evaluated. Summary Background DataExtrahepatic portal venous obstruction, a common cause of portal hypertension in children in India, is being treated increasingly by endoscopic sclerotherapy instead of by proximal splenorenal shunt. It is believed that surgery (or the operation) carries high mortality and rebleeding rates and is followed by portosystemic encephalopathy and postsplenectomy sepsis. However, a proximal splenorenal shunt is a definitive procedure that may be more suitable for children, particularly those who have limited access to medical facilities and safe blood transfusion. MethodsBetween 1976 and 1992, the authors performed 160 splenorenal shunts in children. Twenty were emergency procedures for uncontrollable bleeding and 140 were elective procedures -102 for recurrent bleeding and 38 for hypersplenism. ResultsThe overall operative mortality rate was 1 .9%-10% (3/160-2/20) after emergency operations and 0.7% (1/140) after elective operations. Rebleeding occurred in 17 patients (1 1% ConclusionsA proximal splenorenal shunt, a one-time procedure with a low mortality rate and good long-term results, is an effective treatment for children in India with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHO), the main reasons for this change are that EST is easy to permost common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemor-form, atraumatic, and effective in preventing bleeding, rhage in children,'"2 is being treated increasingly by en-once the esophageal varices are obliterated. Surgery is fadoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) instead of by surgery. The vored less because it is thought to be accompanied by 193