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A 40-year-old male presented with hemangiopericytoma in the lateral ventricle manifesting as headaches persisting for 6 months associated with vomiting and visual obscurations for one month. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a large tumor in the trigone of the right lateral ventricle. The highly vascular tumor was completely excised. The histological diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma. Hemangiopericytoma is rarely located in the lateral ventricle and is difficult to differentiate from meningioma by neuroimaging methods.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare condition similar to lymphomas, presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy in young adults. Extra-nodal involvement is relatively common but involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. Cranial RDD presents with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, focal or generalised seizures, while spinal RDD presents with pain, peripheral neurological deficits and radiculopathy. In contrast to other similar neoplastic or degenerative conditions affecting the CNS, RDD is a benign, non-infective, granulomatous disorder. Radiologically cranio-spinal RDD often mimics commoner dural-based lesions like meningioma, with only subtle radiological differentiating findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The histopathology of RDD is diagnostic. Surgical excision is preferred modality of treatment. However, adjuvant therapies like steroids and radiation may help controlling residual or recurrent disease. There are multiple sporadic reports and short case publications in the literature, often focusing on a particular aspect of RDD. In this study, authors aim to present five cases of craniospinal RDD, and comprehensive review of literature and highlight neurological complications of systemic RDD.

Objective An increasing number of vocal fold cysts excised, as compared to polyps, over the last decade led us to review these cases. We found a statistically significant increase in cysts excised as compared to polyps, over the latter 5‐year period (2013–2017). This prompted us to analyze possible factors responsible for this increase. We also performed a histological study of the normative distribution pattern of seromucinous glands in the apparently normal vocal folds. Methods A retrospective review of all cysts and polyps excised over a 10‐year period was performed. Patient demographics, air‐pollution levels, videostroboscopic findings and histologic analysis of pathology were reviewed. Findings were compared between the initial and latter 5‐year period of all cysts excised. The second part of the study entailed a histological study of the presence and distribution pattern of seromucinous glands in 40 apparently normal fresh frozen cadaver vocal folds. Results There was a statistically significant (P = .035) increase of mucous retention cysts excised as compared to polyps over the latter 5‐year period. Decreased laryngeal hydration was a significant associated finding in cysts excised over the decade as compared to polyps. Striking zone lesions, suggestive of vocal abuse, were seen in a majority of patients of both polyps and cysts excised over the decade. Air pollution had significantly increased in India over the latter 5‐year period. Vocal fold histology in cadavers revealed a presence of seromucinous glands in 32.50% (13/40) with 25.00% (10/40) present in the Superficial Lamina Propria (SLP). Conclusion Decreased laryngeal hydration, vocal abuse and mucous glands present in the SLP may be predisposing factors towards mucous retention cyst formation. An increase in number of these cysts excised over the latter 5‐year period was seen as was increased air pollution. Level of Evidence 3b for the first part of study and NA for the second part of the study Laryngoscope, 130:986–991, 2020

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