Batch experiments were conducted to assess the biotransformation potential of four hydrocarbon monoterpenes (d-limonene, alpha-pinene, gamma-terpinene, and terpinolene) and four alcohols (arbanol, linalool, plinol, and alpha-terpineol) under aerobic conditions at 23 degrees C. Both forest-soil extract and enriched cultures were used as inocula for the biodegradation experiments conducted first without, then with prior microbial acclimation to the monoterpenes tested. All four hydrocarbons and two alcohols were readily degraded. The increase in biomass and headspace CO2 concentrations paralleled the depletion of monoterpenes, thus confirming that terpene disappearance was the result of biodegradation accompanied by microbial growth and mineralization. Plinol resisted degradation in assays using inocula from diverse sources, while arbanol degraded very slowly. A significant fraction of d-limonene-derived carbon was accounted for as non-extractable, dissolved organic carbon, whereas terpineol exhibited a much higher degree of utilization. The rate and extent of monoterpene biodegradation were not significantly affected by the presence of dissolved natural organic matter.

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Re/erence.s 1. Goller, E. J.: J. Chem. Edueat. 42, 442 (1965). 2. Ishida, K., Kuroda, R.: Japan Analyst 19, 81--86 (1970). 3. Ottendorfer, L. J.: Anal. Chim. Acts 88, 115 (1963). 4. Seiler, H., Seiler, M.: ttelv. Chim. Acta 48, 1939 (1960 1-Naphthylacetic acid has been found to be a selective reagent for the determination of zirconium, similar to phenylacetic acid which has been used for the same purpose earlier [1]. A curdy white, insoluble and easily washable precipitate is obtained within the pH region of 0.1 to 0.45 N HC1. With higher H+ concentrations low results are obtained. As direct weighing is not possible because of certain variations in the composition the precipitate is ignited to oxide. The composition of the Zr-reagent compound has been found to be 1:1. The proposed structural formula is quite similar to that described earlier in the case of phenylacetie acid [1].The presence of 8042-ions does not interfere up to a ratio of ZrO~: S042-= 1 : 3. The following cations are not precipitated: Ca 2+, Ba~'+, SrZ+, Zn~+, Hg2+, Ala+, The+ Mn~+, FEZ+, Co2+, Ni2+, (U02)~+. (Vs04) 2+ * Part VII: diese Z. 210, 335 (1965). and Co s+ are copreeipitated with Zr, yet a double precipitation overcomes this difficulty. The determination is not possible in the presence of Sn ~+, Ti 4+ and Be ~+ because of hydrolysis. 0.12 to 0.002 g of Zr were determined with errors up to -4-0.0004 g. Procedure.The sample containing about 0.01 g of Zr/ml is heated to boiling, then ammonium nitrate is added (5 g per 100 ml) and the normality is adjusted to about 0.3 N I4C1. 20/0 Boiling solution of potassium 1-naphthylaeetie acid is slowly added with constant stirring until complete precipitation. The solution is slowly heated on a water bath for 30 rain and is then filtered through Whatman paper No 42. 1~ Reagent solution is used for washing. The precipitate is dried, ignited and weighed as ZrO~.A~e]ere.nc~ The behaviour of bromocomplexes of the platinum metals in the ultraviolet spectral region has not yet been studied or utilized in analytical chemistry [1].Within the framework of a systematic study of that subject the bromocomplexes of platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium were investigated within the spectral region from 200 to 350 nm. The results are * Part I: diese Z. 260, 321 (1972).

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