Introduction The production of waste is due to the result of commercial activities, consumption, and utilization of products or materials. It is further believed that mainly solid waste includes non-harmful waste which may be from households, mainly kitchens, and even from organizations and institutions, shops and various types of markets, and manufacturing industries. Solid waste handling, management, and accurate and appropriate disposal is a hot topic relating to public and environmental health concerns. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study design was incorporated to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors regarding prevention of occupational risks and health hazards among sanitary workers in Bulehora University, a government organization in West Guji Zone, Ethiopia. One hundred and ninety-one solid waste handlers found to be working in this institution were included in the study. Results The response rate of samples in the present study was found to be 94.4%, of which the majority were females, which accounted for 79.7%. The median age of the study samples was 29 years. It was found that 64% of study samples stated good knowledge of the prevention of occupational health risks. About 76.4% of solid waste collectors had a good attitude and only 8.9% showed good practice regarding prevention of occupational health hazards. Job dissatisfaction was found to be a statistically significant factor along with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in implementing good practice work patterns among sanitation workers, even though they had been provided with basic personal protective equipment. Conclusion The study concluded that there is a need for development of plans on implementation of basic occupational health services while enforcing the provision of personal protective equipment and supervising solid waste collectors.

Background: Broadening access to healthcare (ART) antiretroviral therapy has led to a 19% reduction in the death rate of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. This study would also describe the status and deciding factors of ART in (TB) tuberculosis centers in public hospitals of Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia, for (LTFU) lost follow-up among (RVI) retroviral infected patients. Methods: Hospital-based, unrivalled analysis of the case management (3:1) design was conducted. A total of 752 study participants (563 controls and 189 cases) Picked by systematic random sampling methodology, and where reviewed their charts from TB Centers. Data were entered and cleaned using Epi data version 3.1.1 and then exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. To analyze the statistical relationship between the outcome variable and independent variables, binary logistic regression was used. Relevance was declared at a p-value <0.05. Results: A total of 1122 (25.3%) were LTFU. Among index cases with male cases, there were higher odds of lost to follow up (AOR= 1.68, 95% CI; 1.085, 2.609), 15-24 old age group have no formal education, civil servant were also having high comparatively. In index cases with identified parents, the risk of LTFU up had lower HIV status (AOR=0.5; 95% CI; 0.24, 0.997). Rest all variables showed low odds to LTFU. Conclusion: A large number of patients enrolled in ARTwere missing from follow-up at TB centers, but unfortunately did not make the next appointment reported. The absence of prophylaxis was accepted as an independent determinant of LTFUfor ART.

Background. The transmission of HIV from mother to child among HIV-positive infants is estimated to be higher than 20%, despite the fact that antiretroviral treatment is available for antenatal mothers with HIV. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child among infants aged one and a half years is estimated to be approximately 15.7 percent. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis using a simple random sampling technique was incorporated among 422 HIV-exposed babies and their mothers who were randomly chosen and screened using OPD (outpatient card) from March 2019 to March 2021 in the general hospitals of West Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.6.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for cleaning and analysis. Result. The study revealed that at the end of follow-up, 3.8% of the HIV-exposed infants were found to be HIV positive. Poor adherence of infant for CPT (AOR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.010–27.24), father not enrolled to ART (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.187–15.724), age of infants at enrollment >6 weeks (AOR: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.102–16.1), mother’s enrollment to PMTCT during labor and delivery or after (AOR: 6.84; 95% CI: 1.316–42.743), and mothers on the WHO clinical stage mild or advanced (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.146–16.842) was found to be the most important significant predictors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Conclusion. Several factors included in the study were the main predictors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The study concluded that there are some lacunae in the prevention of MTCT of HIV but that the incidence of MTCT of HIV was significantly lower in this part of the world.

No abstract

No abstract

Background Impotence incidence in patients with elevated glycemic index valuesis 30%–69.01%. While impotence is very prevalent among diabetic men, the condition is mostly left unaddressed and needs assessment and care. Impotence can influence the quality of social, mental, leisure, and sexual life, and can contribute to broken relationships, depression, and reduced self-esteem. The goal of the present work was to research the commonness and determinants of impotence among diabetic patients in hospitals in the northwestern region of Nefasit . Methods A cross-sectional hospital analysis was done of 239 patients with diabetes mellitusin five of six hospitals in Nefasit by means of systemic random sampling. methods. Data were collected for 2 months from Februaryto April 2019. Results The mean age of participants was 43.32 years and mean duration of diabetes 8.7 years. Impotence prevalence was found to be 74.2%: 36.1% mild, 34.2% moderate, and 5.8% serious sexual dysfunction. Statistical analysis showed that impotence was considerably associated with being elderly (AOR 14.21, 95% CI 3.22–70.00), prolonged diabetes (AOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.22–11.16), and lower monthly income (AOR0.279, 95% CI 0.133–0.614). There was no association found with BMI, comorbidity, sugar control, or intake of alcohol. Conclusion The prevalence of impotence in the present study was quite high. Very few patients (5.1%) had been screened for impotence. Care of impotent patients in hospitals for diabetes should be a regular health protocol during follow-up care.

Background Kernicterus in infants is a medical challenge that is linked to infant death throughout the world. Extreme jaundice with or without Kernicterus affects roughly one million newborns internationally every year, with overall majority of instances happening in south Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. There are far more techniques and understanding about the etiology of infant ictrus in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is indeed vital to look into the causes that induce infant kernicterus in order to decrease infant morbidity and mortality rates. Methodlogy : A hospital-based unmatched case control study was carried out by evaluating systematically chosen charts of 544 neonates in the neonatal critical care unit of public general hospitals in the West, Guji Zone, Ethiopia. The information was gathered using an extraction format. For analysis, data were entered into epidata management version 4.4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 20. The binary logistic regression model was employed to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results ; A total of 272 neonatal cards were included. Obstetric complication [AOR: 5.77 at 95%CI: 1.85–17.98], low birth weight [AOR: 4.27at 95%CI: 1.579–11.555], birth asphyxia [AOR: 4.83 at 95%CI: 1.617–14.395], RH-incompatibility [AOR: 5.45 at 95%CI: 1.583–18.737], breast feeding [AOR: 6.11at 95%CI: 1.707–21.886], policytemia [AOR: 7.32 at 95%CI: 2.512–21.311], were the determinants of neonatal kernicterus. Conclusion Obstetric difficulties, birth hypoxia, breastfeeding, RH-incompatibility, low birth weight, and policytemia are all causes of Neonatal kernicterus. As more than just a consequence, this one was determined that detecting and treating infant kernicterus early on is crucial because it can cause life-threatening complications in newborns.

With a view to improve cardiac rehabilitation, an evaluative study was undertaken to assess the impact of planned teaching programme on 40 staff nurses of a hospital in Belgaum (Karnataka). The findings indicated that there was significant improvement in knowledge of staff nurses along various parameters after administering planned teaching programme.