A Retrospective Study of Incidence and Predictors on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV among HIV-Exposed Infants in West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. The transmission of HIV from mother to child among HIV-positive infants is estimated to be higher than 20%, despite the fact that antiretroviral treatment is available for antenatal mothers with HIV. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child among infants aged one and a half years is estimated to be approximately 15.7 percent. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis using a simple random sampling technique was incorporated among 422 HIV-exposed babies and their mothers who were randomly chosen and screened using OPD (outpatient card) from March 2019 to March 2021 in the general hospitals of West Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.6.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for cleaning and analysis. Result. The study revealed that at the end of follow-up, 3.8% of the HIV-exposed infants were found to be HIV positive. Poor adherence of infant for CPT (AOR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.010–27.24), father not enrolled to ART (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.187–15.724), age of infants at enrollment >6 weeks (AOR: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.102–16.1), mother’s enrollment to PMTCT during labor and delivery or after (AOR: 6.84; 95% CI: 1.316–42.743), and mothers on the WHO clinical stage mild or advanced (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.146–16.842) was found to be the most important significant predictors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Conclusion. Several factors included in the study were the main predictors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The study concluded that there are some lacunae in the prevention of MTCT of HIV but that the incidence of MTCT of HIV was significantly lower in this part of the world.

Effect of Dolutegravir-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Among HIV-Exposed Infants in Ethiopia: a Before-and-After Study

“…6 The overall incidence of MTCT of HIV among HIV-exposed infants in Ethiopia was 3.44% (95% CI, 2.46-4.81%). The findings of our study are comparable to those of studies conducted in the Amhara Region 24,26,34 West Guji Zone, 35 and Mekelle City. 36 The similarities might be due to similar treatment protocols (WHO Option B plus PMTCT guidelines).…”

Process Evaluation of Services for HIV-Infected Post-Partum Women and HIV-Exposed Infants in Primary Health Care Blantyre Malawi

“…The low proportion of HEI enrolment in HCC at birth highlights a key missed opportunity to begin monitoring HEI. Overall, 60% of HEI had HCC enrolment documentation regardless of the enrolment time by 2 months, consistent with other studies, 47 , 48 lower than the 80% national 2018 and 2022 report. 49 , 50…”

Level of adherence to option B+ program and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All 15 eligible studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis were cross-sectional by study design, reported in English, and performed from 2015 to 2022. The sample size ranged from 41 in the Tigray region [24] to 422 in the Oromia region [23]. Regarding the geographical distribution of the primary studies, six were from Oromia [19][20][21]23,32,33], four were from South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Representatives (SNNPR) [34][35][36][37], two were from Amhara [38,39], two from Tigray [24,40], and one from Harari regional states [41].…”

“…Various primary studies regarding the Option B+ program have been conducted in different regions of Ethiopia. These detached studies showed that the level of option B+ program adherence among HIV-positive women in the country ranges from 60% in Oromia [ 23 ] to 95.1% in Tigray [ 24 ]. The report of these detached studies showed that there is a great variation and inconsistency related to adherence to the program among HIV-positive women throughout the country.…”