ResumoForam utilizadas 14 ovelhas Santa Inês, hígidas, no último mês de gestação que receberam duas aplicações de solução fisiológica (grupo controle-GC), ou 200 mg de acetato de α-tocoferol (vitamina E) (grupo tratado-GT), com intervalo de 14 dias, aos 21 e de 1 a 7 dias antes do parto, respectivamente para a primeira e segunda doses. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas previamente à primeira aplicação (M0), duas semanas após a primeira aplicação (M1), no parto (M2), uma semana (M3), duas semanas (M4) e quatro semanas após o parto (M5). Foram analisadas as concentrações de proteína total, albumina, globulina, ureia, creatinina, ácido úrico, colesterol, triglicérides, glicose, beta hidroxibutirato (BHB), ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs); e as atividades séricas de creatinofosfoquinase (CK), aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) e gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT). Do metabolismo oxidativo foram determinadas as atividades da superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutationa reduzida (GSH) e habilidade de redução férrica plasmática (HRFP). Não foram observadas diferenças entre GT e GC nas concentrações de proteína total, globulinas, CK, ácido úrico, glicose, triglicérides, BHB, AGNES, SOD, GSH-Px e GSH. Porém foram observadas maiores concentrações de albumina em M0 (P=0,039); ureia em M1 (P=0,018), M2 (P=0,005) e M3 (P=0,040); creatinina em M2 (P=0,030) e M3 (P=0,047); GGT em M1 (P= 0,01) e M2 (P=0,024), colesterol em M2 (P=0,041) e HRFP em M3 (P= 0,022) para GT em relação ao GC. A AST foi maior para o GC em relação ao GT em M2 (P=0,030). A aplicação de vitamina E (200 UI, via IM) aumentou a HRFP no pós-parto. Palavras-chave: Antioxidante, perfil metabólico, ruminantes AbstractFourteen healthy Santa Inês sheep, in the last month of pregnancy, were used. They were divided into two groups who received or two injections of saline solution (control group -CG), or 200 mg of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) (treated group -TG) with range of 14 days at 21 and 1 to 7 days before delivery, respectively, to the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected prior to the first application (T0) two weeks after the first application (M1), at delivery (M2), one week (M3), two

RESUMO.-[Perfil metabólico ruminal e pH abomasal em ovinos tratados com ranitidina por via intravenosa.] A ovinocultura brasileira tem se intensificado, o que predispõe os animais à maior incidência de transtornos digestivos, como a úlcera de abomaso. A ranitidina é utilizada na prevenção e tratamento desta afecção, no entanto há pouca informação sobre a indicação parenteral deste fármaco para ruminantes adultos. São escassas as informações a respeito das alterações metabólicas e do comportamento do sistema digestório associados ao seu uso. Para este estudo foram utilizados cinco ovinos, machos, hígidos, providos de cânula ruminal e abomasal. O delineamento foi Quadrado Latino 5x5 com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2x2+1. Os ovinos tratados com as doses de 1 e 2mg/kg de ranitidina administrada por via intravenosa a cada 8 ou 12 horas foram comparados aos animais do grupo controle, Brazilian sheep production has intensified, predisposing sheep to an increased incidence of digestive disorders, such as abomasal ulcers. Ranitidine is used to prevent and treat this disease; however, there is little information on the parenteral use of this drug in adult ruminants. Few data exist on the concomitant metabolic changes and the behavior of the digestive system associated with its use. For this study, five healthy male sheep with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were used. A 5x5 Latin square experiment with a 2x2+1 factorial arrangement of the treatments was performed. Sheep treated with drug doses of 1 or 2mg/kg ranitidine administered intravenously every 8 or 12 hours were compared with the control group, was treated intravenously with 1 mL of physiological solution per 25 kg every 12 hours. Higher total protein concentrations, hemoglobin levels, as well as increased aspartate aminotransferase activity and increased abomasal pH for up to 150 min following drug administration were observed in all animals that received the drug, regardless of dose and frequency. The animals treated every 12 hours showed a decrease in leukocyte number compared with the control group and with the animals treated every 8 hours. Increased serum creatinine concentrations were observed in the animals treated every 8 hours. Treatments of 1mg/kg every 8 hours and 2mg/kg every 12 hours increased the red blood cell count and decreased the serum pepsinogen. All protocols studied were safe for healthy sheep, but 1mg/kg ranitidine every 8 hours and 2mg/kg ranitidine every 12 hours were the most effective protocols for gastric protection.

Increased oxidative stress during prolonged endurance exercises may result in muscle damage, fatigue and decreased performance. An adequate stress response during training is critical to obtain improved results and high animal welfare standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the red blood cell haemolysate concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) and the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) from endurance horses in different distances at high speed in a tropical climate. Fifteen horses were tested; five at 160km (18.54 -17.16km/h race speed), five at 120km (21.53 -17km/h race speed) and five at 80km (20.06 -18.01km/h race speed). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after and three hours after the horses left the final vet check and three, seven and fourteen days after the race. No significant increases (P > 0.05) in the levels of SOD, GPx, GSH, CAT or MDA were observed for any of the times or distances examined. Based on these observations, we conclude that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation during exercise evokes specific adaptations, such as increased antioxidant/oxidative damage-repairing enzyme activity, increased resistance to oxidative stress and lower levels of oxidative damage.Keywords: horse, oxidative stress, endurance RESUMO Aumento do estresse oxidativo durante o exercício prolongado pode resultar em fadiga muscular, lesões e diminuição do desempenho. Uma adequada resposta a esse estresse durante o treinamento é fundamental para a obtenção de melhores resultados e bem-estar dos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concentração de superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa reduzida (GSH) e catalase (CAT) no

This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation on meat quality characteristics of Santa Inês and Dorper crossbreed lambs. All animals were feed with a high concentrated diet in feedlot. Eight days before slaughter, the animals were distributed into four blocks according to weight gain. At the seventh and fourth days before slaughter, they were intramuscularly treated with 0, 10 or 20 IU of DL-alpha-tocopherol per kg of metabolic body weight. At slaughter they had 138 days of age and 43.6 kg of live weight, in average. Carcasses were stored for 24 hours under refrigeration at 2°C. Longissimus thoracis muscle pH (pH24h) and color (lightness, yellowness and redness) were analyzed and its samples were collected for evaluation of shear force (SF), cooking loss (WLC), fatty acid composition (FA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after one (TBARS1m) and after five months (TBARS5m) of freezing. Linearity deviation effect was observed for lightness (L*; P=0.0042) and yellowness (b*; P=0.0082). Intramuscular administration of 10 or 20 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg of metabolic weight did not influence the conservation of fatty acid in the carcasses, but benefit L* and b* values.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(Supl.1):58-62, dezembro 2013 58 RESUMO.-[Metabolismo oxidativo e perfil bioquími-co muscular de cavalos de pólo suplementados com complexo vitamínico ADE.] O jogo de pólo se caracteriza por mudanças abruptas e frequentes na intensidade do exercício dos cavalos. Para satisfazer esta demanda inconstante de energia, os animais utilizam as vias aeróbia e anaeróbia em proporções e intensidade variáveis. Neste contexto deve haver equilíbrio entre a formação das espé-cies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e a ação das substâncias antioxidantes a fim de evitar o estresse oxidativo e suas consequências. Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com vitaminas ADE no metabolismo oxidativo destes animais. Para tanto, 18 equinos mestiços foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: tratado e controle (GT) e controle (GC).Os animais do GT receberam complexo vitamínico ADE (1 mL/50 kg de peso vivo) pela via intramuscular Horses used for the game of polo experience abrupt and frequent changes in exercise intensity. To meet this variable energy demand, the horses use both aerobic and anaerobic pathways in varying proportions and intensities. In this context, there must be a balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. The effect of supplementation with an ADE vitamin complex on oxidative metabolism was evaluated in 18 crossbred horses randomly divided between a treated group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG animals received the ADE vitamin complex (1mL/50 kg of body weight) by deep intramuscular injection at 30 and 15 days before the game. The CG horses received 10ml of saline by the same administration route and schedule. During the polo match, the animals played for a total of 7.5 min. Blood samples were collected on the same days as the treatments were administered, and immediately before and at 15, 90 and 180 minutes after the game. The concentrations of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the blood samples. After the game, the TG demonstrated higher levels of AST, lactate and glucose than the CG, suggesting more efficient energy use by the treated animals. The higher GSH and lower lactate levels in the TG before the game suggest the presence of a greater antioxidant supply in the treated animals. The maintenance of the MDA levels indicates that neither of the groups exhibited oxidative stress.

In the pre-experimental period of a clinical trial, an apparently clinically healthy sheep fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas showed changes in the reticular contraction pattern visualized in M-mode ultrasonogram. Radiographic examination revealed a blunt metal screw in its reticulum. By the time change in the reticular motility through the ultrasound examination was detected, the animal had still not expressed any behavioral changes. A description of the clinical case, follow-up of the findings and laboratory data, like white blood cell count, serum pepsinogen and fibrinogen concentrations, were presented. The foreign body was removed through the ruminal cannula and reticular contraction tended to normal. An association of the contraction pattern with measured clinical data was possible, leading to the conclusion that use of M-mode ultrasonography has a potential application in similar clinical situations.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(8) The weaning period of piglets is characterized by physiological alterations, such as decreased weight gain, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased serum cortisol levels with possible effects on the immune response. The effect of parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on production performance, oxidative metabolism, and the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was assessed in piglets during the weaning period. The sample was comprised of 20 male piglets that were given an injectable ADE vitamin combination (135,000 IU vitamin A, 40,000 IU vitamin D and 40mg vitamin E/ animal) at 20 and 40 days of age. Weight gain, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the microbicidal and phagocytic activity of PMNLs were assessed. No difference was observed in the average piglet weight during the study; however, a greater percentage of weight gain was observed after weaning in the treated group. The concentrations of GSH and SOD did not differ between groups, although lipid peroxidation was greater in the control group at 60 days of age. The investigated variables of oxidative metabolism were correlated as follows: -0.41 for GSH and MDA, -0.54 for GSH and SOD and 0.34 for MDA and SOD. The intensity of intracellular ROS production, the percentage of ROS-producing PMNLs and the intensity of phagocytosis by PMNLs did not differ between treatment groups. Administration of the injectable ADE combination improved the percentage of weight gain between 20 and 40 days of age, decreased oxidative stress at 60 days of age and did not inϐluence the function of PMNLs in piglets.INDEX TERMS: Immune response, weaning, piglets, GSH, MSD and SOD. lógicas como menor ganho de peso, aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e aumento na concentração plasmática de cortisol com possíveis implicações para a resposta imune. Foi avaliado o efeito da administração parenteral das vitaminas A, D e E sobre o desempenho produtivo, o metabolismo oxidativo e a função de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMNLs) em suínos durante esta fase de crescimento. Foram utilizados 20 leitões, machos, com 20 dias de idade que receberam ADE injetável (135.000 UI vitamina A, 40.000 UI vitamina D e 40mg vitamina E/animal), aos 20 e 40 dias de idade. Foi determinado o ganho de peso e as concentrações de glutationa reduzida (GSH), malondialdeído (MDA) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a

AGRADECIMENTOSÀ Deus por estar sempre ao meu lado, me estender as mãos e não me deixar fraquejar, por colocar em meu caminho tudo que precisei …no tempo certo! À Prof a . Dra., Maria Claudia Araripe Sucupira, orientadora, mãezona e amiga, sábia e guerreira, pessoa iluminada e abençoada por Deus, agradeço pelos ensinamentos e orientação, por confiar em mim ao conduzir os experimentos, por me encorajar e mostrar que podemos ir além, pelos conselhos, carinho, paciência e por todos os momentos que compartilhamos. Agradeço à sua família, especialmente Léo e Cesar pela paciência e convívio! Ao Prof. Dr. Stéfano Filippo Hagen, pela colaboração na condução deste experimento, pelos ensinamentos, risadas e sábias colocações.À professora Ivanete Susin, da ESALQ -USP, pela concessão dos animais e do espaço, pela oportunidade de realizar nosso experimento nas dependências da ESALQ e a disponibilidade no auxilio da condução deste experimento.Aos colegas de pós graduação da ESALQ -USP, Carol, Michele, Renato Gentil pela valiosa ajuda durante o experimento e amizade.À grande e querida amiga Clara Satsuki Mori, pela ajuda nas análises, pelos ensinamentos, auxílio em toda a parte laboratorial deste experimento, companheirismo, paciência, amizade e agradável convívio. Carmem pela ajuda na parte laboratorial, pelo agradável convívio e pela paciência.As secretárias do departamento de clínica médica da FMVZ-USP, Adelaide Borges, Maria Aparecida , Silvana e Carol pelo auxílio nos assuntos burocrático As funcionárias da Biblioteca pela colaboração na verificação das normas para publicação e produção da ficha catalográfica desta dissertação. À minha irmã Patricia, meu cunhado Marcello e minha sobrinha Laura, pelo incentivo, colaboração e paciência. A toda minha família que longe ou perto, me apoiaram e acreditaram me mim. À Gislene, pela valiosa ajuda no início de tudo, nossa grande e eterna "babá " ! A "Cicida", pela disponibilidade, carinho e compreenssão. À todos os colaboradores , pelo carinho, apoio e dedicação.Aos amigos Dr. Rodrigo, Jack, Rô, Miranda, Gisele, Lúcia, pelo apoio, paciência, compreenssão e colaboração. Renato Jafet pelo apoio e auxílio. Lhes agradeço de coração! À todos os clientes e pacientes pela confiança e por acreditarem em mim!