This study aimed to describe the radiographic anatomy and osteology and to evaluate angular radiographic measurements-Norberg angle, inclination angle and anteversion angle-of the pelvic limbs in free-ranging capybaras. Twenty cadavers of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), including five adults and 15 subadults, were studied. Ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar and mediolateral radiographic views of the pelvic limbs were obtained. The radiographic features were described together with bone samples. The hip bone (os coxae), shaped like an isosceles trapezoid, was elongated and narrow with the presence of an oblong obturator foramen, sagittal ilial wing and rectilinear ilial body. The femoral shaft was relatively straight, while the greater trochanter was projected above the femoral head. No sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles were observed radiographically or for those animals used in gross macroscopy. The fibula was located lateral and parallel to the tibia. Eight tarsal bones, four metatarsal bones and three digits were identified. The mean radiographic measurements included Norberg angle of 125.9°; respective angles of femoral inclination by the Hauptman B and Tomlinson methods of 139.9 and 141°; anteversion angle of the femoral head and neck of 29.80°. The bones of the pelvic limbs in capybaras have several anatomical characters and radiological features that are shared with members of the caviomorph superfamily Cavioidea. The radiographic angles measured in this study help characterize the functional morphology of this species.
Os principais sinais clínicos da osteoartrose incluem a claudicação e a diminuição da amplitude de movimento articular. A diminuição do espaço articular é uma característica importante e comum em osteoartrose femorotibial, podendo induzir ao aumento da pressão intra-articular dentro do espaço fascial ou osseofascial e desencadear a Síndrome Compartimental Articular, quer pela diminuição do tamanho do espaço intra-articular ou pelo acúmulo de líquido sanguinolento, seroma ou linfa. Essa síndrome pode resultar na inadequada perfusão sanguínea e causar isquemia local, e consequentemente, maior dano articular. Visto que a aferição da pressão intra-articular não é uma prática comum na Medicina Veterinária, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a pressão intra-articular da articulação femorotibial de cães acometidos por osteoartrose.
The synovial stifle joint fluid of healthy free-ranging adult Capybaras is clear, colorless, viscous, and with chemical features and cytologic findings similar to those seen in domestic animals.
RESUMO:O presente relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de leucemia linfocítica B em um cão da raça maltês, fêmea, com três anos de idade, demonstrando a metodologia de diagnóstico e a variação da patologia clínica após o tratamento exclusivamente por esplenectomia. A linfocitose acentuada observada no hemograma e presença proliferativa de linfócitos na medula óssea determinou a suspeita da leucemia linfocítica. A leucemia linfocítica B foi diagnosticada por meio da citologia aspirativa da medula óssea, imunocitoquímica e citometria de fluxo. O tratamento foi exclusivamente por esplenectomia e dois anos após a cirurgia o animal não apresentou recidiva da afecção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Doenças linfoproliferativas. Linfócitos. Imunocitoquimica. Medula óssea. Pequenos animais. B -LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN YOUNG DOG: CASE REPORTABSTRACT: This report aimed to describe a case of B lymphocytic leukemia in maltese female dog, three years old, demonstrating the methodology of diagnostic and variation of clinical pathology after treatment exclusively by splenectomy. The accentuate lymphocytes observed in blood counts and presence of proliferative lymphocytes in the bone marrow were determined to diagnostic of lymphocytic leukemia. The B lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The treatment was exclusively by splenectomy and two years after the surgery the animal showed no recurrence of the disease. KEY WORDS: Linfoproliferative disease. Lymphocytes. Immunocytochemistry. Bone marrow. Small animals. LEUCEMIA LINFOCÍTICA B EN PERRO JOVEN: RELATO DE CASORESUMEN: El objetivo de ese relato ha sido describir un caso de leucemia linfocítica B en un perro, raza maltés, hembra, de tres años, demostrando la metodología de diagnóstico y la variación de la patología clínica, después del tratamiento exclusivamente por esplenectomía. La linfocitosis aguda, observada en el hemograma, y la presencia de proliferación de linfocitos en la médula ósea, determinó la sospecha de leucemia linfocítica. La leucemia linfocítica B fue diagnosticada mediante la citología por aspiración de médula ósea, inmunocitoquímica y citometría de flujo. El tratamiento fue exclusivamente por esplenectomía y dos años después de la cirugía el animal no mostró recurrencia de la enfermedad.
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles. Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusions: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).
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