Analysis of synovial fluid of the Capybara's stifle joints

Brombini, Giovanna Cristina; Rahal, Sheila Canevese; Bergamini, Bruno C. S.; Lopes, R. S.; Santos, Ivan Felismino Charas dos; Schimming, Bruno César

doi:10.1111/vcp.12449

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The samples were subjected to comprehensive evaluation based on specific physical parameters, encompassing volume, color, turbidity, and viscosity. Synovial fluid of standard composition is characterized by attributes such as transparency, clarity, elevated viscosity, and the absence of flocculent constituents (MacWilliams & Friedrichs 2003, Brombini et al 2017). The accepted volume range for synovial fluid is observed between 0.05mL and 0.24mL (Boon 1997, De Biasi et al 2001.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of TLR2, FOXP3, and COX2 in the synovial membrane of dogs with canine leishmaniasis-induced arthritis

Souza-Filho,

Martins,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multifaceted disease triggered by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, characterized by diverse clinical presentations, including osteoarticular complications. Immune-mediated joint diseases invariably initiate at the synovial membrane, implicating its pivotal role in arthritis pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the influence of natural L. infantum infection on synovial fluid characteristics and the expression of immune markers, including TLR-2, FOXP3, and COX-2, in the synovial membrane. Twenty naturally infected dogs (NID) with L. infantum were sourced from the Zoonosis Surveillance Unit (ZSU). Clinical-orthopedic assessments were conducted, encompassing lameness, joint edema, crepitus, patellar luxation, and the drawer test. Synovial fluid (SF) parameters, including volume, appearance, viscosity, total nucleated cell count (TNC), neutrophil count, and total protein (TP) content, were determined. After anesthesia and euthanasia, synovial membrane specimens were obtained. SF protein concentrations categorized dogs into three groups: GI (2 to 2.5g/dL), GII (2.5 to 6.0g/dL), and GIII (>6g/dL). Inflammatory infiltrates and synovial membrane changes were assessed, and immunohistochemistry evaluated TLR-2, FOXP3, and COX-2 marker expressions. Clinical evaluations revealed various osteoarticular abnormalities in NID dogs, including lameness (55%), joint edema (25%), crepitus (30%), patellar luxation (20%), and positive drawer test (25%). Post mortem examinations revealed bilateral subchondral bone, meniscus, and trochlea erosion in 30% of cases. Amastigotes of L. infantum were identified extracellularly and within macrophages (60%). An inflammatory infiltrate was predominant in 70% of dogs, with varying intensity among the groups. Mononuclear cells, chiefly macrophages and lymphocytes, and neutrophils comprised the infiltrate. TLR-2 and COX-2 expression levels were elevated in GIII compared to GII and GI. Conversely, FOXP3 showed moderate expression in GI and minimal expression in GII and GIII. This study underscores the contributory role of L. infantum infection in the development of joint lesions in CanL. Additionally, alterations in the expression of immune markers TLR2, FOXP3, and COX2 within the synovial membrane imply the perpetuation and exacerbation of the inflammatory processes, shedding light on the intricate pathogenesis of CanL-induced arthritis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%