A current trend in the agricultural area is the development of mobile robots and autonomous vehicles for precision agriculture (PA). One of the major challenges in the design of these robots is the development of the electronic architecture for the control of the devices. In a joint project among research institutions and a private company in Brazil a multifunctional robotic platform for information acquisition in PA is being designed. This platform has as main characteristics four-wheel propulsion and independent steering, adjustable width, span of 1,80 m in height, diesel engine, hydraulic system, and a CAN-based networked control system (NCS). This paper presents a NCS solution for the platform guidance by the four-wheel hydraulic steering distributed control. The control strategy, centered on the robot manipulators control theory, is based on the difference between the desired and actual position and considering the angular speed of the wheels. The results demonstrate that the NCS was simple and efficient, providing suitable steering performance for the platform guidance. Even though the simplicity of the NCS solution developed, it also overcame some verified control challenges in the robot guidance system design such as the hydraulic system delay, nonlinearities in the steering actuators, and inertia in the steering system due the friction of different terrains.
A current trend in the agricultural area is the development of mobile robots and autonomous vehicles for remote sensing. One of the major challenges in the design of these robots is the development of the electronic architecture for the integration and control of the devices. Recent applications of mobile robots have used distributed architectures based on communication networks. A technology that has been widely used as an embedded network is the CAN protocol. The implementation of the ISO11783 standard represents the standardization of the CAN for application in agricultural machinery. This work describes the design and implementation of an electronic architecture for a mobile agricultural robot. The discussions are focused on the developed architecture, the wireless communication system for teleoperation and the distributed control based on CAN protocol and ISO11783. The evaluation of the developed system was based on the analysis of performance parameters such as motor response and architectural time delay obtained with the robot operation. The results show that the developed architecture can be applied for teleoperation and distributed control of agricultural robots meeting the requirements for accurate robot movement and an acceptable response time for robot control commands and supervision.Key words: CAN protocol, ISO11783 standard, teleoperation, distributed control Projeto e implementação de uma arquitetura eletrônica para um robô agrícola móvel RESUMO Uma tendência atual na área agrícola é o desenvolvimento de robôs móveis e veículos autônomos para sensoriamento remoto. Um dos grandes desafios no projeto desses robôs é o desenvolvimento da arquitetura eletrônica para integração e controle dos dispositivos. Em aplicações recentes desses robôs tem-se utilizado arquiteturas distribuídas baseadas em redes de comunicação. Uma tecnologia amplamente usada como rede embarcada é o protocolo CAN. A implementação da norma ISO11783 representa a padronização do protocolo CAN para aplicações agrícolas. Este artigo apresenta o projeto e a implementação de uma arquitetura eletrônica para um robô agrícola móvel. As discussões são focadas na arquitetura desenvolvida, no sistema de comunicação sem fio para teleoperação e no controle distribuído através da rede CAN e da ISO11783. A avaliação dos sistemas é baseada na análise de parâmetros de desempenho como resposta dos motores e tempo de resposta da arquitetura, obtidos com a operação do robô. Os resultados mostram que a arquitetura desenvolvida pode ser aplicada para teleoperação e controle distribuído de robôs agrícolas cumprindo os requisitos para a obtenção de uma movimentação precisa e um tempo aceitável de resposta para comandos de controle e supervisão do robô.Palavras-chave: protocolo CAN, padrão ISO11783, teleoperação, controle distribuído 1 EESC, Av. Trabalhador São
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