This work was aimed at producing inulinase by solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, using factorial design to identify the effect of corn steep liquor (CSL) and soybean bran concentration, particle size of bagasse and size of inoculum. Maximum inulinase activity achieved was 250 U per g of dry substrate (gds) at 20% (w/w) of CSL, 5% (w/w) of soybean bran, 1 x 10(10) cells mL(-1) and particle size of bagasse in the range 9/32 mesh. The use of soybean bran decreased the time to reach maximum activity from 96 to 24 h and the maximum productivity achieved was 8.87 U gds(-1) h(-1). The maximum activity was obtained at pH 5.0 and 55.0 degrees C. Within the investigated range, the enzyme extract was more thermostable at 50.0 degrees C, showing a D-value of 123.1 h and deactivation energy of 343.9 kJ gmol(-1). The extract showed highest stability from pH 4.5 to 4.8. Apparent K(m) and V(max) are 7.1 mM and 17.79 M min(-1), respectively.

In this work, production of inulinase was studied. Media formulation was optimized by experimental design and response surface techniques, as well as the pretreatment of the agro-industry residues used in the formulation of fermentation medium. Two agro-industry residues were investigated: sugarcane molasses (SCM) and corn steep liquor (CSL). Pretreatment with sulfuric acid was the most effective for clarification of SCM (pH 5.0, 24 h of resting time and final pH 4.0). Clarification of CSL was accomplished with phosphoric acid (pH 3.0, 24 h of resting time and final pH 5.5). A color reduction of approximately 70% was achieved for both substrates. The highest production of inulinase was obtained in a medium containing 100 g l −1 of pretreated SCM, 100 g l −1 of pretreated CSL and 6 g l −1 of Prodex Lac (yeast hydrolysate), yielding 1,139 U ml −1 .

-The main focus of this work was to investigate the residual esterification activity and the product conversion after 10 successive cycles of utilization of a commercial lipase in three systems: esterification of 2-ethyl hexanol and palmitic acid in a solvent-free system; esterification of ascorbic acid and palmitic acid in tert-butanol; and transesterification of glycerol and methyl benzoate in 2-propanol. These systems were chosen based on previous results by our research group in terms of product conversion. Before scale-up, there is a need for evaluating several cycles of utilization of the biocatalyst. The esterification of 2-ethyl hexanol showed that after 10 cycles the enzyme retained 90% of its activity. The system consisting of ascorbic acid, palmitic acid, Novozym 435 and tert-butanol showed that a reduction in enzyme activity was accompanied by a reduction in reaction conversion; the same behavior was not observed for the third system.

Dairy industry wastewater contains high levels of organic matter, consisting mainly of fat, protein and products of their partial microbial decomposition. In the present study, the use of continuous electrocoagulation is proposed for the primary treatment of dairy wastewater. The electrochemical treatment was carried out in a continuous flow cell with aluminum electrodes. The influence of the voltage, the distance between the electrodes and the hydraulic residence time (HRT) on the process performance was assessed, by measuring the removal of color, turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum voltage, distance between the electrodes and HRT were 10 V, 1 cm and 90 min, respectively, yielding a current density of 13.3 A.m(-2). Under these conditions, removal of color, turbidity, TOC and COD were 94%, 93%, 65% and 69%, respectively, after a steady state was reached in the continuous flow reactor.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de dietas da moda para emagrecimento por pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de especialidades em nutrição, no norte do RS. Materiais e métodos: Essa pesquisa foi um estudo transversal, com amostra composta por 40 pacientes que responderam um questionário anônimo, antes do início do atendimento nutricional agendado. Resultado: Entre os pacientes, 11 relataram ter realizado dietas da moda, todos do sexo feminino. A dieta da sopa foi a mais citada. A maioria dos pacientes considerou muito ruim o resultado alcançado. A maior parte assinalou que o tempo de peso reduzido foi muito curto ou curto. Entre os sintomas mencionados, os mais frequentes foram fraqueza, irritabilidade e tontura. Em relação às dietas consideradas pelos pacientes prejudiciais à saúde, a da sopa foi a mais apontada. Conclusão: O uso de dietas da moda pelos pacientes questionados foi baixo, o que indica que esses indivíduos possuem adequado conhecimento sobre alimentação.

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