The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alkaloid-enriched extracts from Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) pods in order to evaluate them as feed additives for ruminants. As only the basic chloroformic extract (BCE), whose main constituents were juliprosopine (juliflorine), prosoflorine and juliprosine, showed Gram-positive antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC = 25 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 50 μg/mL) and Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 50 μg/mL), its influence on ruminal digestion was evaluated using a semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, with monensin as the positive control. Results showed that BCE has decreased gas production as efficiently as monensin after 36 h of fermentation, revealing its positive influence on gas production during ruminal digestion. Since P. juliflora is a very affordable plant, this study points out this alkaloid enriched extract from the pods of Prosopis juliflora as a potential feed additive to decrease gas production during ruminal digestion.
Abstract:The search of alternative compounds to control tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis has pointed to secondary metabolites derived from natural sources. Piper species are candidates in strategies to control the transmission of schistosomiasis due to their production of molluscicidal compounds. A new benzoic acid derivative and three flavokawains from Piper diospyrifolium, P. cumanense and P. gaudichaudianum displayed significant activities against Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Additionally, "in silico" studies OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 5206 were performed using docking assays and Molecular Interaction Fields to evaluate the physical-chemical differences among the compounds in order to characterize the observed activities of the test compounds against Biomphalaria glabrata snails.
O perfil metabólito baseado na aplicação de análises multivariadas (análise de componentes principais, PCA) dos dados de espectrometria de massas com ionização electrospray (ESIMS) no modo positivo e de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) do 1 H de extratos brutos de espécies de Piper destacou algumas espécies caracterizadas pela produção de lignanas (P. solmsianum, P. truncatum e P. cernuum), neolignanas (P. regnellii) e cromenos (P. gaudichaudianum). Análises específicas em conjunto de espécies caracterizadas morfologicamente por apresentarem inflorescências pêndulas e globosas (P. caldense, P. carniconnectivum, P. bowiei e P. permucronatum) ou em espécies que produzem amidas indicaram o potencial mais significativo para tais análises como critério para estudos fitoquímicos posteriores. Análises intraespecíficas de plântulas das espécies P. solmsianum, P. regnellii e P. gaudichaudianum indicaram uma composição química nas folhas baseada na presença dos fenilpropanóides dilapiol e apiol, diferentemente do que produzem as plantas adultas. No caso das espécies que produzem amidas, a composição apresentou-se relativamente constante independentemente do estágio de desenvolvimento.The metabolomic profiling based on the application of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) of positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESIMS) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of crude extracts highlighted some species characterized by lignans (P. solmsianum, P. truncatum and P. cernuum), neolignans (P. regnellii) and chromenes (P. gaudichaudianum). A specific analysis focusing on species having pendant and globular inflorescences (P. caldense, P. carniconnectivum, P. bowiei and P. permucronatum) or amides-producing species indicated higher potential of the methodology in determining similarities and establishing priorities for further phytochemical investigation. Such intraspecific analysis applied to analyzed seedling leaves of the P. solmsianum, P. regnellii and P. gaudichaudianum species revealed the production of dillapiole and apiole instead of lignans, neolignans or prenylated benzoic acid, produced by the adult leaves, respectively. In case of amides-producing species, a similar profile was observed regardless the developmental stage.Keywords: Piperaceae, principal component analysis, secondary metabolites, fingerprinting Chemometric Analysis of ESIMS and NMR Data from Piper Species J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2372 IntroductionThe knowledge on secondary chemistry of tropical plant species is limited to approximately 5-10% of the total species described so far. In fact, this limited study indicates the potential for finding novel lead compounds from tropical biodiversity. Despite the availability of high throughput technology platforms to detect bioactive compounds, the process of cataloguing their composition possesses a significant challenge since it still involves largely the isolation and spectroscopic characterization of individual components. Additionally, the determination of a m...
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