BACKGROUND: Vascular diseases are evolving fast in sub-Saharan Africa, but its management is challenged by lack of expertise and infrastructure. In the light of the prevailing challenge, this study was done to see the pattern of vascular disease and its treatment in a tertiary referral hospital.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was done over a period of one year (February 9, 2016 to February 8, 2017) at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.RESULTS: A total of 386 patients were seen at the surgical OPD. Of these, 78(20.2%) were admitted and operate on. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. The mean age affected was 39 +/- 10 (Range 12-91 years). On the other hand, 132 (34.2%) patients came with PAD. Of them, 46(34.8%) presented with either frank Gangrene or pre-gangrene stage. The rest 86(65.1%) had claudication pain. The other diseases seen are Varicose Vein, 100(25.9%), Carotid body tumors, 60(15.4%), Aneurysmal diseases, 36(9.1%), Vascular malformations, 34(8.7%), and Vascular injuries, 22(5.6%). During the study period, 28(35.9%) PAD, 22(28.2%) trauma patients, 8(10.2%) Chemodectomas, 8(10.2%) aneurysms, 6(7.7%) hemangiomas, 4(5.1%) varicose vein and 2(2.6%) AV fistula patients were operated.CONCLUSION: The pattern of vascular disease in Ethiopia is becoming a challenge. The gap created due to limited vascular surgeons, poor infrastructure and absent supply chain system has significantly compromised the number and type of operated-on patients. These challenges result in preventable morbidity and mortality.
Hand washing with soap and water is the single most weapon against infectious agents. Proper hand washing is not only reduces nosocomial infection, but also prevents the spread of current global concern Novel Corona viruses and other viral illnesses like cold and flu. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess hand washing practice among health care workers in Ethiopia. Methods: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables search from different databases, like Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, PubMed, and Scopus. All necessary data extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the I 2 index and Cochran's Q test. A random effect model computes to estimate the pooled proportion of hand washing practice among health care workers. Results: In this meta-analysis, we included fifteen observational studies summarize the proportional of hand washing practice among health care workers. In the current study, the pooled hand washing practices among Ethiopian was 57.87% (95% CI: 44.14-71.61). Subgroup analysis conduct to identifying the sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion:The overall pooled proportion of hand washing practice among health care workers was low. Hand washing with water and soap is recommended at least for 20 s to prevent contagious disease like Corona viruses.
Basophils are effector cells most often associated with airway inflammation in patients with asthma and can have an important role in the initiation of Th2 inflammation, as these cells may be activated directly by tissue cytokines (IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP) released by epithelial cells in response to damage signals from allergens, bacterials, virus or pollutants.We investigated whether IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP receptors expression levels on basophil membrane are associated with asthma phenotype.24 patients with asthma (12 eosinophilic, 12 non eosinophilic) have been enrolled in the study. Basophils membrane expression of IL25 R, TSLP R and IL33 R was analyzed before and after IgE, fMLP, LPS, LTA-SA (Lipoteicoic Acid from S. Aureus) stimulation and correlated with FEV1 of each patient.Following LPS stimulation a significant increase in IL25 R was observed in eosinophilic (p=0.001) but not in non eosinophilic asthma. IgE stimulation significantly increased IL25 R expression on basophils membrane, in both eosinophilic and non eosinophilic asthma (p= 0.001 and p= 0.001, respectevely), the percentual increase being greater in eosinophilic compared to non-eosinophilic asthma (p=0.007).IL33 R and TSLP R expression on unstimulated basophils were inversely correlated with FEV1 in eosinophilic asthma ( r= -0.45, p = 0.04 and r = -0.70, p = 0.01, respectively).In conclusion, in eosinophilc asthma, airway obstruction is inversely correlated to the membrane expression Boita M, Heffler E, Omede P, Bellocchia M, Muccio V, Bussolino C, Giorgis V, Guerrera F, Riva G, Brussino L, Bucca C, and Rolla G / Journal of Continuing Education and Professional Development (2016) Vol. 3 No. 1 pp. 13-20 14 of TSLP and IL33 receptors on basophils. Whether the expression of epithelial cytokines on basophils membrane may be used as biomarker of severe eosinophilic asthma remains to be investigated.
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