Hand washing practice among health care workers in Ethiopia: systemic review and meta-analysis, 2020

Abstract

Hand washing with soap and water is the single most weapon against infectious agents. Proper hand washing is not only reduces nosocomial infection, but also prevents the spread of current global concern Novel Corona viruses and other viral illnesses like cold and flu. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess hand washing practice among health care workers in Ethiopia. Methods: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables search from different databases, like Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, PubMed, and Scopus. All necessary data extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the I 2 index and Cochran's Q test. A random effect model computes to estimate the pooled proportion of hand washing practice among health care workers. Results: In this meta-analysis, we included fifteen observational studies summarize the proportional of hand washing practice among health care workers. In the current study, the pooled hand washing practices among Ethiopian was 57.87% (95% CI: 44.14-71.61). Subgroup analysis conduct to identifying the sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion:The overall pooled proportion of hand washing practice among health care workers was low. Hand washing with water and soap is recommended at least for 20 s to prevent contagious disease like Corona viruses.

Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors Among Health Professionals in Public Hospitals of East Wallaga Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

“…Single-population proportion formula was used to determine the sample by considering the proportion of good practice of standard precautions, 57.8% from previous study in Ethiopia, 9 95% confidence interval (CI), and margin of error of 5%. After adding a 5% non-response rate, the final sample size was 392.…”

“…7,8 In Ethiopia, only about half of the HCWs practiced appropriate standard precautions. [9][10][11] The studies identified the associated factors for the poor compliance of the HCWs to the SPs, including lack of infection control programs, lack of training, lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards SPs, inadequate management support, lack of supplies, crowded hospitals and excessive workloads. [12][13][14] Different initiatives were set globally and nationally to improve the wellbeing of patients, visitors, attendants, support staff, HCWs and general community in health care facilities, including Clean Care is Safer Care (WHO) and Ethiopian hospitals reform implementation guidelines (EHRG) aiming to improve quality of service and Clean and Safe Hospitals (CASH) aiming to make hospitals a clean, comfortable and safe environment for HCWs by Ethiopian government.…”

“… 7 , 8 In Ethiopia, only about half of the HCWs practiced appropriate standard precautions. 9–11 The studies identified the associated factors for the poor compliance of the HCWs to the SPs, including lack of infection control programs, lack of training, lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards SPs, inadequate management support, lack of supplies, crowded hospitals and excessive workloads. 12–14…”

Quality of Handwashing in Informal Workers in Indonesia

“…Washing hands properly can help prevent the spread and eliminate viruses on the surface of the hands that emerge after coughing, sneezing, and touching objects containing infectious pathogen. Handwashing also reduces the rate of respiratory infections and prevent them to enter the body or transmit (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Study of readiness and performance of nurses in evaluating clinical care and processes of care and nursing

“…Similar studies have shown that attention to handwashing has been minimal among nursing staff. [ 19 ] Nalule et al . [ 20 ] demonstrated the importance of handwashing and hygiene of the medical staff in reducing the incidence of nosocomial diseases and disease transmission.…”