In patients with hypothyroidism, partial substitution of triiodothyronine for thyroxine may improve mood and neuropsychological function; this finding suggests a specific effect of the triiodothyronine normally secreted by the thyroid gland.

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate vitamin D levels in young healthy Lithuanian males in winter and to find possible associations of vitamin D concentration to body composition, cognitive functioning, emotional state.Subjects and Methods A total of 130 healthy males (age range, 18–26 years) were divided into the subgroups according to vitamin D concentration. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were employed in the assessment of emotional state. Cognitive functioning was assessed by the Trail Making Test and the Digit Symbol Test of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.Results The mean concentration of vitamin D for the entire sample was 13.0±5.3 ng/ml. Only 2 persons (1.6%) had the recommended vitamin D level. Nearly half (45.4%) of study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Lower concentrations were associated with a significantly higher score on the POMS confusion-bewilderment scale. A tendency toward a lower mean depression-dejection score in the participants with a sufficient vitamin D level was observed. Vitamin D concentration correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and inversely with the confusion-bewilderment score.In conclusion almost half of the young healthy males participating in the study were detected to have vitamin D deficiency in winter. Low vitamin D concentrations are associated with a worse emotional state.

The aim of the study was to evaluate associations of emotional state and quality of life with lipid concentration, duration of the disease, and the way of treating the disease in males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 53 persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (27 males and 26 females; mean age, 58.7±8.9 years) and 56 healthy persons (26 males and 30 females; mean age, 54.7±8.3 years) participated in the study. Emotional state was evaluated by means of Profile of Mood State and quality of life by means of WHO Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire. Emotional state and quality of life were significantly worse, tension-anxiety and fatigue-inertia were significantly higher, vigor-activity was significantly lower in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in healthy males. In females, no significant differences in emotional state and quality of life comparing type 2 diabetes mellitus group and controls were detected. In females with type 2 diabetes mellitus, emotional state and quality of life were significantly better, scores of tension-anxiety, depression dejection, anger-hostility, and fatigue-inertia were significantly lower, and score of vigor-activity was significantly higher than in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some significant correlations were found. In males, vigor-activity correlated with total cholesterol level and negatively correlated with triglyceride level. In females, significant correlations were found between scores of emotional state (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, confusion-bewilderment, and total score of emotional state) and lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels). There were no significant associations of emotional state and quality of life with duration of the disease in males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. No significant differences in emotional state and quality of life were found between males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated with oral antidiabetic preparations and insulin preparations.

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