The current work aims to study both the peer group and family influence on adolescent behaviour. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, an explanatory model based on the Structural Equations Modelling (SEM)was proposed. The sample used was the group of adolescents that participated in the Portuguese survey of the European study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The Portuguese survey included students from grades 6, 8 and 10 within the public education system, with an average age of 14 years old (SD=1.89). The total sample of the HBSC study carried out in 2006 was 4,877; however with the use of the SEM, 1,238 participants were lost out of the total sample.The results show that peers have a direct influence in adolescents’ risk behaviours. The relationship with parents did not demonstrate the expected mediation effect, with the exception of the following elements: relation between type of friends and risk behaviour; and communication with parent and lesser involvement in violence behaviours and increased well-being. The negative influence of the peer group is more connected to the involvement in risk behaviours, whilst the positive influence is more connected with protective behaviours.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and awakening quality (SQ and AQ) during COVID-19 in a large and diversified population in order to identify significant associations and risks in terms of demography, health and health-related behaviors, sleep variables, mental health, and attitudes. Methods/Results:Online surveys were used for data collection, received from 5479 individuals from the general population, sleep disorder patients, and COVID-involved (medical doctors (MDs) and nurses) and COVID-affected professionals (teachers, psychologists, and dentists). SQ and AQ were worse in adults, females, and high-education subjects. Feeling worse, having economic problems, depression, anxiety, irritability, and a high Calamity Experience Check List (CECL) score during COVID were significantly associated with poor SQ and AQ. Shorter sleep duration, increased latency, poor nutrition, low physical activity, increased mobile and social network use, more negative and less positive attitudes and behaviors were associated with poor AQ. Conclusions: The SQ logistic regression showed gender, morbidities, CECL, and awakenings as relevant, whereas, for AQ, relevant variables further included age and physical activity. Aiming to have a high stress compliance, each individual should sleep well, have important control of their mood, practice positive behaviors while dismissing negative behaviors and attitudes, practice exercise, have adequate nutrition, and beware of technologies and dependences.

This study aims to evaluate the influences of sleep duration and sleep variability (SleepV), upon adolescents' school-related situations. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey is based on a self-completed questionnaire. The participants were 3164 pupils (53.7% girls), attending the 8th and 10th grades, 14.9 years old, and were inquired about subjective sleep duration during the week and weekends, SleepV, fatigue, difficulties in sleep initiation, school achievement, feelings towards schools, pressure with school work and skipping classes. Multiple regression models used, as dependent variables: (a) school achievement, (b) disliking school, (c) pressure with school work and (d) skipping classes, using as independent variables, each of the remaining school-related variables, fatigue, total sleep duration and difficulties in sleep initiation. The average sleep duration in the week and during weekdays was lower than recommended for these age groups, and almost half of students had high SleepV between weekdays and weekends. A logistic model revealed that the absence of SleepV was associated with lower perception of school work pressure, less frequent skipping classes, more infrequent fatigue and more infrequent difficulties in sleep initiation. Poor sleep quality, SleepV and insufficient sleep duration affected negatively school-related variables.

As relações entre a ansiedade e as estratégias de coping e as diferenças destes constructos em função do género e da idade foram estudadas numa amostra de 916 crianças e adolescentes, estudantes de escolas de diversos concelhos do país, com uma média de idades de 14,4 anos (DP=2,62), dos quais 45,7% pertenciam ao género masculino e 54,3% ao género feminino. As medidas de avaliação utilizadas para operacionalizar as variáveis foram a Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children – MASC (March, 1997) e o Coping Responses Inventory – Youth Form – CRI-Y (Moos, 1993). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os jovens mais velhos e os indivíduos do género feminino apresentaram níveis de ansiedade mais elevados e utilizam mais estratégias de coping, quando comparados com os jovens mais novos e com os indivíduos do género masculino. De igual modo foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre a ansiedade e o coping e uma correlação positiva entre idade e coping, no sentido em que a utilização das estratégias de coping aumentam com a idade. Os resultados encontrados foram discutidos à luz da literatura e das suas implicações para a prática clínica.

ResumoO objectivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência e o impacto dos pais e do grupo de pares nos comportamentos de saúde e risco dos adolescentes portugueses. Para isso, estudou-se o tipo de comunicação que os adolescentes mantêm com os pais e com os pares. A amostra foi constituída pelos sujeitos participantes no estudo realizado em Portugal Continental, que integra o estudo Europeu HBSC-Health Beaviour in School-aged Children. O estudo incluiu um total de 4877 estudantes do 6º, 8º e 10º ano de escolaridade de escolas públicas portuguesas, com média de idades igual a 14 anos. Os resultados revelaram que uma boa comunicação com os pais tem um maior efeito protector sobre os comportamentos de risco do que uma boa comunicação com os amigos. Adolescentes com boa comunicação com os pais e amigos revelaram serem mais felizes e satisfeitos com a vida. Os resultados encontrados salientam a importância da comunicação e do relacionamento positivo com os pais e com os pares simultaneamente. Palavras-chave: Família; Grupo de Pares; Bem-Estar; Comunicação; Comportamentos de Risco; Adolescentes. AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of parents and peer group on health and risky behaviors of Portuguese adolescents. It was studied the type of communication that adolescents have with their parents and with peers. The sample consisted of subjects who participated in a study performed in Portugal, which incorporates the European HBSC-Health Behavior in School-aged Children study. The study included a total of 4.877 students in 6 Grande parte do comportamento dos adolescentes é influenciado pelas relações que mantém durante a infân-cia e adolescência. Enquanto ao longo da infância passam a maior parte do tempo com os pais, durante a adolescência os amigos passam a ter um papel essencial na sua vida. Conhecer o tipo de grupo em que o adolescente se encontra inserido e o tipo de comportamentos em que se envolvem poderá facilitar a prevenção de comportamentos de risco como o consumo de tabaco, o consumo de substâncias, entre outros. Matos et al. (2006) no estudo com objectivo de analisar os comportamentos e estilo de vida dos adolescentes portugueses, verificaram que entre o ano de 2002 e o ano de 2006 a comunicação dos adolescentes com os pais diminuiu, enquanto o tempo que os adolescentes passam com os amigos depois das aulas e os dias que saem com estes à noite aumentou. Resultados que indicam que a relação que os adolescentes mantêm com os pais e com os pares vem sofrendo alterações ao longo dos anos e que essas alterações poderão ser visíveis no tipo de comunicação que mantêm com ambos.A família tem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento global da criança e do adolescente. As famílias e os factores a elas associados têm influência na educação, na socialização, na prestação de cuidados, na transmissão de crenças e valores e, de um modo geral, na saúde e bem-estar dos seus elementos. Apesar dos adolescentes alargarem os seus espaços e horizontes, os pais continuam a ser a sua principal base de ...

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BackgroundAs in most European countries, mental health care has shifted from large hospitals to smaller community based settings in Portugal. Our study objectives were to determine: a) the characteristics of users of mental health residential facilities in Portugal; b) the quality of care provided comparing community and hospital units; and c) to investigate associations between quality of care, service and service users’ characteristics and experiences of care.MethodsAll longer term mental health units in Portugal providing on-site staffed support for at least 12 h per day were assessed with the Quality Indicator for Rehabilitative Care (QuIRC), a standardised tool completed by the unit manager. The QuIRC rates seven domains of care (Living Environment, Therapeutic Environment, Treatments and Interventions, Self/Management and Autonomy, Recovery Based Practice, Social Inclusion, and Human Rights). A random sample of service users were interviewed using standardised measures of autonomy, experiences of care and quality of life.ResultsMost (60 %) of the 42 units were in Lisbon and surrounding districts with 50 % based in the community and 50 % in hospital settings. They had a mean of 11.5 beds. Service users (n = 278) were mainly men (66.2 %), with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (72.7 %), and a mean age of 49.4 years. Community units scored higher than hospital units on the Living Environment, Treatments and Interventions, and Self-Management and Autonomy domains of the QuIRC. Increased service user age was negatively associated with all but one domain. All QuIRC domains were positively associated with service users’ autonomy and experiences of care.ConclusionsInvesting in better quality, community based mental health facilities is associated with better outcomes for service users who require longer term support.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of peer groups and parents on adolescents' health. It was examined how communication relationships with peer groups and parents affect youngsters life satisfaction, sadness, irritability, being nervous, fear and troubles in falling asleep. The sample was comprised of individuals that participated in the study in continental Portugal, integrating the European study HBSC – Health Behavior in School – aged Children. The study was made during January 2006 and included a total of 4,877 students attending the 6th, 8th and 10th grades from Portuguese public schools, with an average age of 14 years of age. The instrument used was the HBSC questionnaire. The results showed that adolescents' health is influenced by their relationship with their parents and peers. When the communication with both is easy, youngsters are more satisfied with life and have less health negative symptoms. When compared with peers, parents influence positively the adolescents' health..