Increasing energy demand is not alongside the availability of limited fossil fuels. Alternative and renewable energy sources are not only an option to overcome energy problems but also essential to minimize global warming. Another critical and promising renewable energy source is biomass-derived from livestock feces. Beef cattle feces contain a microorganism consortium that can be used as a starter with coal media to form biogas. Indonesia recently developed coal waste processing into renewable energy, such as biogas. This study aimed to overview the ecological diversity of microbial consortium of beef cattle feces, lignite coal waste, and a combination of livestock and lignite coal waste under mesophilic conditions. This research is an explorative method, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The process of formation was carried out anaerobically on a bottle containing the rumen fluid medium. The fermentation process lasted 42 days at 39℃ of temperature. After that, the sample was electrophoresis, followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. NGS data is processed with the MG-Rast website. This study demonstrates the ecological diversity of microbial consortium of beef cattle, lignite coal waste, and a combined consortium. The results showed ecological diversity in the form of taxonomy dominated by bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea.
Milk sludge is a source of carbon that can be used together with the liquid waste of dairy farms into products, namely organic soil reformers. Organic soil-forming products can be used in the treatment of liquid waste from dairy farms and milk sludge from the dairy processing industry. This study aims to determine the plowing of the dose of milk sludge in the liquid waste of dairy farms that are most effective against the content of organic soil improvement. The research was carried out experimentally using 4 treatments, namely P1 (concentration 0%), P2 (concentration 10%), P3 (concentration 20%), and P4 (concentration 20%) and four repeats. The data will be analyzed using a Complete Randomized Design (RAL). The changes observed were the content of C-organic, pH, and the number of coliform bacteria based on estimator and booster tests. The results of the study showed that all treatments had different influences results on the content of Corganic, pH, and organic soil-forming coliform bacteria. Milk sludge in the liquid waste of dairy farms with a concentration of 30% at the time of observation of week 3 produced an organic soil reformer with the content of C-organic, pH, and coliform bacteria in accordance with the minimum technical requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 261 of 2019.
The buffalo population until 2018 was recorded at 1,356,390 heads throughout Indonesia. If buffalo feces are not appropriately managed, it will cause problems in the form of environmental pollution. Buffalo feces has the potential because it contains microorganisms that can be used to produce biogas. Starter from buffalo feces can also add to organic media from plantation waste. The process of oil extraction, washing, and cleaning at the factory produces palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME contains low carbon, so for biogas formation in an anaerobic digester, it is necessary to add a carbon source. The carbon source can obtain from palm-pressed fiber (PPF), also a solid waste of the palm oil industry. Adding a starter from buffalo feces in a mixture of POME and PPF media is expected to reduce waste that has yet to be utilized optimally by buffalo farms and the oil palm industry. This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding the best starter from buffalo feces to a mixture of POME and PPF media on the number of anaerobic bacteria and biogas volume. The study used a completely randomized experimental design (CRD) with five treatments, namely P1 (without the addition of starter), P2 (+ 2% starter), P3 (+ 4% starter), P4 (+ 6% starter), and P5 (+ 8% starter) for 28 days with observations on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28. Each treatment was repeated four times. The observed variables were the number of anaerobic bacteria and the volume of biogas.
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