ResumoO concreto é um material composto, onde diferentes materiais que o constituem não reagem da mesma forma diante da ação do fogo, tornando seu efeito sobre as estruturas de concreto um problema. O tempo de exposição, nível de temperatura alcançado e o traço do concreto, influenciarão no grau de alteração que poderá ser produzido no concreto afetado por esses fatores. Para estudar os efeitos do fogo, onde cada incêndio tem suas características, é necessário realizar um fogo real, devido às variáveis. Podemse analisar os efeitos produzidos pelo fogo no concreto armado observando os resultados obtidos na argamassa, no aço, na vinculação entre ambos, as conseqüências das dilatações quando impedidas total ou parcialmente e produção de esforços resultantes dos incêndios. Foram analisados os efeitos da elevação da temperatura em corpos de prova cilíndricos de argamassa, mantidos em câmara úmida, ao ar, durante 7 dias. Foi utilizado areia média silicosa de rio e cimento Portland CP-V, submetidos à elevação de temperatura em mufla. Os concretos submetidos à ação do fogo perdem consideravelmente sua resistência, onde, conforme o aumento de temperatura, aumenta sua perda, e sua a elasticidade fica abaixo dos níveis desejados, conforme pode se confirmar estes dados através da revisão bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Ação do fogo em concretos. Efeito da temperatura em argamassas. The concrete is a composed material where different materials constitute that it do not react ahead in the same way of the action of high temperatures, becoming the effect of the fire on the concrete structures a problem clearly. The time of exposition to the fire, reached level of temperature and the trace of the concrete, will influence in the alteration degree that could be produced in the concrete affected for these factors. To study the effect of the fire, where a fire is different of the other, it is necessary to carry through a fire real, due to the different variable. The effect produced for the fire in the armed concrete can be analyzed observing the results gotten in the mortar, the steel, the entailing enter both in the armed concrete, the consequences of the when hindered dilatations total or partially and production of resultant efforts of fires. The effect of the rise of the temperature in cylindrical bodies of mortar test had been analyzed, kept in humid chamber, to air, during 7 days. It was used siliceous sand of river and Portland cement CP-V, submitted to the rise of temperature in muffle. The concrete ones submitted to the action of the fire lose considerably its resistance, where, as the temperature increase increases its loss, and its elasticity is below of the desired levels, as it can confirm these data gotten through the bibliographical revision. Key-Words: Action of fire in concrete. Action of temperature in mortars. Effect of fires in buildings.

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Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 mm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.

Portland cement is widely used as a building material and more than 4.3 billion tons were produced in 2014, with increasing environmental impacts by this industry, mainly through CO 2 emissions and consumption of non-removable raw materials. Several by-products have been used as raw materials or fuels to reduce environmental impacts. Basaltic waste collected by filters was employed as a mineral mixture to Portland cement and two fractions were tested. The compression strength of mortars was measured after 7 days and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Diffraction Scattering (EDS) were carried out on Portland cement paste with the basaltic residue. Gains in compression strength were observed for mixtures containing 2.5 wt.% of basaltic residue. Hydration products observed on surface of basaltic particles show the nucleation effect of mineral mixtures. Clinker substitution by mineral mixtures reduces CO 2 emission per ton of Portland cement.

This study evaluated the possibility of using in natura Eucalyptus Wood Ash (EWA) from aviary furnaces as a mineral admixture in concrete. The ash was 100 mesh-sieved and added to the mix in 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the cement bulk. Physical analysis unveiled that EWA has a specific gravity higher than other organic originated residues, whereas its BET specific surface area is not enough to enhance its filler and/or pozzolanic effects. Chemically, the residue presented a low organic matter rate and a SAI below the minimum required by the Brazilian standards. EWA interfered in the times of cement set, increasing them, while FTIR unveiled mainly the presence of calcium carbonate bonds. The admixture compromised the concretes mechanical performance, leading to the conclusion that the sieving procedure of EWA alone is not enough do admit its usage as a mineral admixture.